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updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"春节期间心脑血管疾病多发","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486361572817.jpg\" title=\"1486361572817.jpg\" alt=\"u=216127523,3704398340&amp;fm=23&amp;gp=0.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节，是我国民间最隆重、最热闹的传统节日，也是亲人团聚的日子，包饺子、蒸年糕、熬年守岁、欢聚酣饮、走亲访友拜大年，家家喜气洋洋。春节让人们尽享天伦之乐，但是春节期间也潜在着很多心脑血管疾病的诱发因素，是心脑血管病的高发期。因此，中老年人尤其是素有心脑血管病的老人应该提高警惕，不要让欢乐遭遇悲伤。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"color:#ffffff\">中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/6/view-2788566.htm</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　**七大诱因危害心脑健康**&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节期间潜在着哪些诱发因素导致心脑血管疾病高发呢？总结起来，有七大诱因。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　★ 气候寒冷&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　在北方，春节期间天气比较寒冷，人体血管尤其是冠状动脉在寒冷刺激下容易出现收缩和痉挛，这会导致心脑供血不足，易引起冠心病、脑血栓的发作或复发。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　★ 饮食不当&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节期间，家人团聚，往往餐餐都是鸡鸭鱼肉、山珍海味，因此导致摄入的高脂肪、高热量食物过多，使人体血管内的脂质增高，血液黏稠度增加，这是引起心脏病以及中风发作的重要原因。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　★ 情绪波动&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节长假，亲朋好友团聚时往往喜欢围坐在一起打打牌、玩玩麻将，这些娱乐活动都带有刺激性，很容易让人情绪激动。情绪过于激动会导致心率加快，血压升高，这就有可能诱发中风、心脏病的突然发作。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　★ 劳累过度&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节，在外工作的儿女都回来了，老人最高兴，就想给孩子多做些可口的饭菜，守在孩子们身边多聊聊天话话家常，因此很多老人会在春节期间花大量时间操持饭菜，和儿女们彻夜长谈、熬夜娱乐，造成睡眠不足，过度劳累，这极易导致心率加快，血压升高，诱发心脑血管疾病。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　★ 烟酒过度&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节大家聚在一起，免不了吸烟饮酒，导致烟酒过量。尼古丁、酒精会导致血管痉挛而引起血压升高和冠心病猝发。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　★ 漏服药物&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节期间，庆祝和娱乐活动比较多，而且拜年走亲戚人来人往，所以很多人因为忙碌而忘服或漏服药物，更有一些迷信的老年人认为春节吃药不吉利，自行停药，这也是心脑血管病高发的一个重要原因。心脑血管疾病属于慢性病，要控制病情需长期坚持服药，一旦停药，容易突发心梗或猝死。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　★ 作息混乱&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节期间，人们原有的生活作息规律往往都会被打乱，平时的锻炼也停止了下来，这些会引起体弱老人体内代谢紊乱，使部分人免疫力下降，诱发多种疾病。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　**六大措施保护心脑健康**&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　要想保护心脑健康，避免心脑血管意外发生，我们不妨做好这六个方面的防护措施，快快乐乐过年。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　☆ 注意保暖&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节期间，中老年人如果外出，从室内到室外，最好先在楼道适应一会儿，外出时一定要多穿件衣服，注意保暖。即使是一家人围坐在家里，也要注意保持室内的温度。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　☆ 合理饮食&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节期间如果能合理安排家人的饮食，将有助于降低心脑血管疾病的发生率。春节餐桌上应该多一些清淡的食物，所谓清淡是指做饭时尽量少放油、盐，饭菜选择脂肪少、刺激性小的食物，那些酸、辣、咸味重的食物应该少吃，比如年夜饭的菜谱可以多一些类似香菇菜心、蒜蓉苦瓜、蚝油生菜、素炒油麦菜、清蒸罗非鱼、水煮花生等对身体健康有益的菜肴。除了清淡饮食外，中老年人还应该多喝水，最好晚上睡前和早晨起来后各喝一杯，这样不仅有利于保持大便通畅，还可以稀释血液，预防心肌梗死和中风。另外，还应该注意避免暴饮暴食和过饱，尽量戒烟限酒。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　☆ 按时服药&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　春节期间导致心脑血管病的诱因这么多，无论再忙，心脑血管病患者都要按时坚持服药，可通过定闹钟、家人提醒等方式避免忘服、漏服药物的情况出现。此外，春节期间心脑血管病患者还应该注意检测自己的血压，不要疏忽大意。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　☆ 生活规律&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　过年热闹，但不能忘记休息，尤其是中老年人，必须保证充足的睡眠，最好按平时的作息时间来安排各项活动。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　☆ 适当运动&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　不要因为过年而减少自己的运动量，因为运动量减少会造成血流缓慢，血脂升高。不过需要注意的是，素有心脑血管疾患的人不适宜晨练，因为晨起时突然锻炼，极易诱发心脑血管疾病，最好等到太阳出来以后再运动。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　☆ 心态平和&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　情绪激动是心脑血管疾病的大忌，因此，春节期间，无论是亲朋聚会，还是打牌娱乐，都要保持心态的平和、情绪的稳定、心情的舒畅，这样才能避免心脑血管意外的发生。&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1854","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"1740","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"高血压脑出血患者的术后护理","content":"<p><img title=\"1486361398170.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486361398170.jpg\" alt=\"201601011455479540.jpg\" /></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">【摘要】</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">目的</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">探讨高血压脑出血术后护理方法。方法</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">回顾性分析</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">65</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料、术后护理方法，观察护理效果。结果</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">通过针对性的护理措施后，</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">78</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">例患者中完全清除血肿</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">63</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">例，大部分清除血肿</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">10</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">例；总有效率</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">93.58%</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">。结论</span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">对于高血压脑出血，在手术治疗的基础上采取有效的心理护理及术后康复护理指导，有助于术后神经功能的恢复，降低患者致残率及病死率。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: white; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>中国论文网</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"> http://www.xzbu.com/6/view-5124411.htm</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　【关键词】</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">高血压；脑出血；术后护理</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">doi</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">：</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">10.3969/j.issn.1004-7484</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">x</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">）</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">.2013.06.429 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">文章编号：</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">1004-7484</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">2013</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">）</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">-06-3210-01&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　随着人们生活水平的不断提高，生活及社会压力的增加，高血压发病率也呈逐年上升趋势。高血压脑出血是高血压最严重的并发症，起病急，发展快，病情凶险多变，致残率和病死率高</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">[1]</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">。目前治疗该病最重要手段是手术清除血肿，术后的精心护理及康复指导是保证手术成功、预防并发症、提高治愈率的重要环节。我院</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">2011</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">月</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">――2012</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">12</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">月共收治</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">78</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例高血压脑出血患者，均通过血肿清除术，效果满意，现报告如下。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">1 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">临床资料</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　本组</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">78</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，其中男</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">52</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，女</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">26</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，年龄</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">43-83</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">岁，平均</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">56.5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">岁，患者发病前均有高血压病史。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">2 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">手术方法</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　定向置管引流术</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">22</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，开小骨窗血肿清除术</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">26</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，脑室引流术</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">14</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，去骨瓣减压术</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">16</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">3 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">疗效判定标准及结果</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　判断标准共分</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">6</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">[2]</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">：</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ⅰ</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级为完全恢复社会和家庭日常生活能力；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ⅱ</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级为独立日常生活并恢复部分社会生活；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ⅲ</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级为日常生活稍许别人帮助，可拄拐行走；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ⅳ</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级为保留意识但卧床不起，日常生活需人帮助；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ⅴ</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级为植物生存；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ⅵ</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级为死亡。结果：</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ⅲ</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级以上为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">63</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ⅳ</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">级为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，死亡</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">术后护理方法</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4.1 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">严密观察生命体征</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">①</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">血压：血压平稳是高血压脑出血患者术后治疗的成败及防止再次出血的关键因素之一。血压监测要达到四定，即定时间、定部位、定体位、定血压计，才能反映血压的真实情况</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">[3]</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">。控制血压收缩压在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">18-23kPa</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">，舒张压在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">10-12kPa</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">，降压药最好用微泵经静脉输入，随血压变化而调整用量。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">②</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">呼吸：严密观察呼吸音、频率、节律、深度的变化，血氧饱和度保持在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">95%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">以上，避免低氧血症加重脑水肿，必要时使用呼吸机。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">③</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">体温：体温</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">38</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">℃</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">以上者要给退烧药物、物理降温或给人工冬眠，降温的同时要查明发烧的原因。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">④</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">其他：严密观察神志、瞳孔及四肢运动变化。通过严密观察病情，一旦出现颅内压升高或再出血症状应及时报告医师。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4.2 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">一般护理</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">患者取去枕平卧位，头偏向一侧，防治呕吐物的误吸；对于长期卧床的患者应每</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">2h</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">翻身</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">次；吸氧、吸痰；监护仪监测生命体征。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4.3 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">引流管的护理</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">①</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">脑室引流管的护理：要严格按照无菌操作规程，妥善固定，防止头部活动、翻身的时候脱落，放置引流管受压、扭曲。密切观察引流液的量、颜色及性质，作好记录，一旦发现颜色由暗红变为鲜红色，应警惕出血的可能，应及时报告医师处理。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">②</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">导尿管的护理：尿道口及其周围要定期消毒，防止感染，防止导尿管扭曲，保持导尿管的通畅，记录</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">24h</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">尿量。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4.4 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">并发症的护理</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">①</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">口腔护理：昏迷患者用湿纱布覆盖口鼻处，防止黏膜干燥，每天用生理盐水棉球擦洗口腔及鼻腔黏膜，防止感染。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">②</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">预防褥疮：定期翻身，经常按摩受压部位，床铺保持平整干燥，翻身时保护好头部。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">③</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">呼吸道的护理：保持环境清洁，注意气道湿化，每</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">2-3h</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">翻身叩背一次，及时吸痰，保持呼吸道通畅，清醒患者鼓励咳嗽、咳痰，必要时可用糜蛋白酶</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4000U</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">，庆大霉素</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">8</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">万</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">U</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">，地塞米松</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">5mg</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">加生理盐水</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">20ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">雾化吸入。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">④</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">预防应激性溃疡：高血压脑出血急性期由于边缘系统、脑干、丘脑下部的损伤，导致植物神经功能紊乱，易引起应激性溃疡。消化道出血是高血压脑出血患者常见并发症，也是其主要死亡原因之一</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">[4]</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">。早期应用西米替丁或洛赛克，如发现异常及时通知医师处置。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4.5 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">饮食护理</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">急性期禁食，静脉供给营养，及时补充热量、蛋白质、水、电解质、多种维生素类营养物质。神志清醒者恢复吞咽动作后给予高蛋白、高维生素、低脂肪、低盐、易消化食物，定期评估患者营养状况，及时调整营养素供给量和配方。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4.6 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">心理护理</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">脑出血病人均有不同程度的偏瘫、失语，生活自理能力差，心理上常表现为焦虑、急躁、悲观、自卑。护理人员应根据患者的具体情况，针对性的采取不同的健康教育方式，使患者及其家属了解康复训练的重要性，使患者及其家属从思想上重视康复训练，积极主动配合康复治疗。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">4.7 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">出院指导</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">密切关注血压的变化，控制好血压。严格按照医嘱用降压药物，不可自行随意停药或减量。加强瘫痪肢体的功能锻炼，遵循循序渐进的规则，从被动锻炼到主动锻炼、从小幅度到大幅度、从小运动量到大运动量。语言障碍者要多阅读，要大声的朗读，模仿收音机、录音机等进行发音练习。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">5 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">结</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">果</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">78</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例病例，顺利出院</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">73</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，死亡</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例。随访生活自理</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">63</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，长期卧床生活需要照顾</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例。住院期间腹部感染</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例，应激性溃疡消化道出血</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">例。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">6 </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">小</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">结</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br /> </span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span>　　高血脂、糖尿病、高血压、血管的老化、吸烟等引起脑血管的病变、硬化，脑小动脉病变在血压骤升时容易破裂，称为高血压性脑出血。本病病情发展迅速，致残率和病死率高，是高血压病最严重的并发症，预防本病最重要的措施是控制血压。术后针对性的护理及康复期功能锻炼的有效护理，可以减少患者的术后并发症，降低了致残率，提高了患者的生存质量，对疾病的预后起到了重要作用。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>","barId":"1854","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"9674","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"常见的脑出血后遗症有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513846976673.jpeg\" title=\"常见的脑出血后遗症有哪些\" alt=\"常见的脑出血后遗症有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">脑出血发生的原因主要与脑血管的病变，硬化有关，血管的病变与高血脂，糖尿病，高血压，血管的老化，吸烟等密切相关。脑出血最常见的</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">脑出血</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">后遗症</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">是偏瘫，具体表现为一侧肢体肌力减退，活动不利或完全不能活动，常伴有同侧肢体的感觉障碍如冷热，疼痛等感觉减退或完全不知，有时还可伴有同侧的视野缺损，脑出血常见的</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">脑出血</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">后遗症</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">主要表现在三大方面</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">精神和智力障碍：较大范围或多次复发的脑出血意外，可留有精神和智力障碍，如人格改变，消极悲观，郁抑寡欢，精神萎糜，易激动等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">失语</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">脑出血后遗症</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">型失语主要包括三个方面：</span>1、运动性失语表现为病人能听懂别人的话语，但不能表达自己的意思；2、感觉性失语则无语言表达障碍，但听不懂别人的话，也听不懂自己所说的话，表现为答非所问，自说自话；3、命名性失语则表现为看到一件物品，能说出它的用途，但却叫不出名称。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">其它症状脑出血后遗症的其它症状还有：头疼，眩晕，恶心，失眠，多梦，注意力不集中，耳鸣，眼花，多汗，心悸，步伐不稳，颈项酸痛疲乏，无力，食欲不振，记忆力减退，痴呆，抑郁等。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1854","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"2528","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"脑出血疼痛，有没有可以缓解疼痛的办法","content":"<h2 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; white-space: normal; font-weight: normal; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">脑出血后一年，左侧身体从里到外包括皮肤疼，<span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">疼痛影响活动和休息，怕凉、着凉会加重疼痛</span>，有没有可以缓解疼痛的办法</h2><p><br/></p>","barId":"1854","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"2899","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"脑出血术后，脑积水？　","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">女,36岁。我父亲2016年十一住院治疗脑血栓时脑出血，十月三号第一次开颅手术，十月五号去骨瓣减压。现术后四个月了，头部的包还没出坑。十二月中旬出院时人意识清楚，回家后近一个月没有大的明显进步，近期观察看包没变大但也没变小。左手左腿没知觉，右手右腿可以。请问现在是否已经可以确定为脑积水，是否需要做分流术呢</span></p>","barId":"1854","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"19442","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"脑出血几天度过危险期","content":"<p style=\"text-indent: 32px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">脑出血几天度过危险期我们可以通过脑出血后的时间划分来了解下：脑出血的严重期也就是我们常说的急性期，何为急性期？所谓急性就是出血在</span>3天之内，这个期间是急性期，急性时期是最严重的也是最危险的，为什么呢，因为急性期会有百分之三十到百分之四十的患者出现死亡，患者都发生在三天之内，就是说如果在三天之内没救过来，病人就会死亡，如果三天之内救过来了，那就是进入了亚急性期，3天到3周这中间阶段叫亚急性期，还有一个慢性期，慢性期是3周以后，3周以后我们称为慢性期，这个慢性期就是慢慢的脱离了危险，进入康复阶段的。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<img title=\"1536897997897.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1536897997897.jpg\" alt=\"??-???.jpg\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 32px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">对这方面的知识，推荐你看看《脑溢血解密》，这里面对脑卒中讲解的很详细，淘宝上就有卖的，内容丰富，通俗易懂！</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 16px;\"><img title=\"1536898326558.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1536898326558.jpg\" alt=\"???-????.jpg\" />&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 32px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">找良医网温馨提示：脑溢血总群成立，患者在群内可以互相讨论，定期会有专家解答问题，</span>Q群号：877071646，欢迎广大患友加群！</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1854","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":6},{"id":"2917","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"心血管疾病防治的基石――阿司匹林","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486361756456.jpg\" title=\"1486361756456.jpg\" alt=\"201512181917497811.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　 阿司匹林是一种百年老药，它除了用于解热镇痛、预防大肠癌等外，对心血管疾病也有强大的保护作用。目前，阿司匹林不仅是应用最为广泛的抗血小板聚集药物，而且被誉为心血管疾病现代治疗的“基石”。但是，迄今为止，对于阿司匹林的用量问题，国际、国内还没有统一的标准。一般国人服用的剂量偏小，而西方国家的人服用剂量偏大，这主要与国内外医生的经验和处方习惯不同有关。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"color:#ffffff\">中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/6/view-2502504.htm</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　国外的临床药理学研究结果表明，当健康人或动脉粥样硬化患者一次口服阿司匹林5毫克以上，即可发挥抗血小板聚集作用，阻止血栓形成。这种作用随着阿司匹林的剂量增加而加强。当增加到100毫克时，血小板的聚集效应基本上受到全面抑制。因此，目前国内外一致主张，阿司匹林的每日最小剂量不能小于75毫克，换句话说，这个剂量是阿司匹林发挥其对心血管疾病保护作用的最低剂量。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　另一方面，服用阿司匹林的主要副作用是引起胃肠道出血，虽然这种风险比较小，但必须在医生指导下正确服用，才能既发挥其保护心脏的作用，又将其引起胃肠道出血的风险降到最低程度。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　美国和英国分别给健康成年男性隔日服用阿司匹林325毫克，或每日服用500毫克，观察5～6年后发现，阿司匹林对心血管原因造成的死亡率无明显影响，对非致死性心肌梗死的发生率有所降低，而脑出血的发生率却有所增加。因此，就预防心血管疾病而言，当前不主张健康人长期使用阿司匹林。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　那么，哪些人需要长期预防性服用阿司匹林呢？我们认为，患有高血压病、高脂血症、糖尿病、肥胖、有长期吸烟习惯，以及有心血管疾病家族史的中老年男性，和有以上危险因素的绝经后的女性等，在心血管专科医生的指导下，根据每个人不同病情，长期服用小剂量的阿司匹林。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　国外大规模的“高血压病最佳治疗”试验结果表明，小剂量的阿司匹林能减少高血压病患者卒中的发生率。大多数医生认为，阿司匹林的每日用量应以75～150毫克为宜，而对已经患了心血管疾病的人，阿司匹林的用量则应严格遵医嘱。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　由于阿司匹林产生血小板聚集的抑制作用非常快，嚼碎服用时起作用更快。所以，心肌梗死的患者，首次剂量不应小于150毫克，且应用越早效果越好，即使是在家中或救护车上就应开始嚼碎服用。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　需要注意的是，当阿司匹林和其他抗凝药物联合使用时，出血的风险会增加，并偶可发生脑出血。另外，阿司匹林禁用于哮喘、胃溃疡、血友病、视网膜出血、胃肠道出血及其他出血性疾病患者。&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1854","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"9666","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"引起脑出血的常见因素有哪些","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">引起脑出血的常见因素</span></span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">有哪些</span>?一旦患上脑出血这种疾病，就有可能导致病人昏迷瘫痪，下面为大家介绍引起脑出血的常见因素有哪些，来帮助大家更好的了解脑出血疾病，也希望能够对大家平时预防脑出血的工作有一定的帮助。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513845647755.jpg\" title=\"引起脑出血的常见因素有哪些\" alt=\"引起脑出血的常见因素有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、高血压</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">高血压是导致多种疾病出现的罪魁祸首，同样也是脑出血的主要原因，血压过高容易导致脑部血管的爆裂，造成出血，也即脑出血，所以患有高血压的朋友要想预防疾病的发生首先要做好降压工作。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、情绪波动大</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">研究发现，有接近三成的患者是因过激情绪出现而患病的，所以说情绪波动大也是脑出血发病的一个重要原因。生气等波动比较大的情绪出现时会使人体心跳加速、血压骤然间升高进而导致脑出血的发生。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、长期吸烟</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">长期吸烟是男性患者中最常见的脑出血原因。因为长期吸烟会加速动脉硬化，使血管变硬、脆性加大以至于诱发脑出血。所以，大家应尽量不饮酒、吸烟，保证规律健康的饮食习惯，防止便秘出现。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、长期饮酒</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">另外，饮酒也是引发脑出血的危险因素之一。特别是长期酗酒，会使人体血压升高、凝血机制发生改变、脑部血流加快，进而诱发脑出血。还人不是长期嗜酒，而是一次性饮酒量过多引发疾病发生的。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">通过上面的介绍可以看出引起这种疾病的原因是多种的，所以大家在平时预防脑出血这种疾病的时候应该要认真仔细，只有这样才能够达到有效预防这种疾病的目的。后、淀粉样血管病及脑肿瘤。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1854","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"3141","isDel":0,"createAt":1486361693140,"createBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"柠檬茶","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"脑出血的症状表现","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486361894131.jpg\" title=\"1486361894131.jpg\" alt=\"001tQ5f5gy6VLAv0jjia8&amp;690.jpg\"/></span></strong></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;background:white;vertical-align:baseline\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">脑出血</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333\">症状：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">高血压</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">脑出血</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">常发生于</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">50</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">～</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">70</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">岁，男性略多，冬春季易发。通常在活动和情绪激动时发病，出血前多无预兆，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">50%</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">的病人出现头痛并很剧烈，常见</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">呕吐</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，出血后血压明显升高。临床症状常在数分钟至数小时达到高峰，临床症状体征因出血部位及出血量不同而异，基底核、丘脑与内囊出血引起轻偏瘫是常见的早期症状</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">约</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">10%</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">的病例出现痫性发作，常为局灶性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">重症者迅速转入意识模糊或昏迷。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">外伤性脑室内出血</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">因暴力作用在额或枕部，使脑组织沿前后方向猛烈运动时，脑室壁产生剪力变形，撕破室管膜血管或是外伤性脑实质内血肿，破入脑室而引起。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">3.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">自发性脑室内出血</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">是指非外伤性因素所致的颅内血管破裂，血液进入脑室系统。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">4.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">常见临床类型及特点</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">基底核区出血：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">壳核和丘脑是</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">高血压性脑出血</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">的两个最常见部位。它们被内囊后肢所分隔，下行运动纤维、上行感觉纤维以及视辐射穿行其中。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">外侧</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">壳核</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或内侧</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">丘脑</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">扩张血肿压迫这些纤维产生对侧运动、感觉功能障碍，典型可见三偏体征</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">病灶对侧偏瘫、偏身感觉缺失和偏盲等</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">);</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">大量出血可出现</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">意识障碍</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">也可穿破脑组织进入脑室，出现血性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">CSF</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，直接穿破皮质者不常见。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">主要是豆纹动脉外侧支破裂，通常引起较严重运动功能缺损，持续性同向性偏盲，可出现双眼向病灶对侧凝视不能，主侧半球可有失语。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">由丘脑膝状体动脉和丘脑穿通动脉破裂所致，产生较明显感觉障碍，短暂的同向性偏盲</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">出血灶压迫皮质语言中枢可产生</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">失语症</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，丘脑局灶性出血可出现独立的失语综合征，预后好。丘脑出血特点是：上下肢</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">瘫痪</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">较均等，深感觉障碍较突出</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">大量出血使中脑上视中枢受损，眼球向下偏斜，如凝视鼻尖</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">意识障碍多见且较重，出血波及丘脑下部或破入第三脑室则昏迷加深，瞳孔缩小，出现去皮质强直等</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">累及丘脑底核或纹状体可见偏身舞蹈</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">-</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">投掷样运动</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">如出血量大使壳核和丘脑均受累，难以区分出血起始部位，称为基底核区出血。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">较少见，表现头痛、呕吐及轻度脑膜刺激征，无明显瘫痪，颇似蛛网膜下隙出血，有时可见对侧中枢性面舌瘫，临床常易忽略，偶因头痛在</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">CT</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">检查时发现。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">脑叶出血：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">常由</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">脑动静脉畸形</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">、</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">Moyamoya</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">病、血管淀粉样</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">变性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">和肿瘤等所致。常出现头痛、呕吐、失语症、视野异常及脑膜刺激征，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">癫痫</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">发作较常见，昏迷较少见。顶叶出血最常见，可见偏身感觉障碍、空间构象障碍</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">额叶可见偏瘫、</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">Broca</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">失语、摸索等</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">颞叶可见</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">Wernicke</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">失语、精神症状</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">枕叶出现对侧偏盲。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">3)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">脑桥出血：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height:inherit\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">多由基底动脉脑桥支破裂所致，出血灶位于脑桥基底与被盖部之间。大量出血</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;inherit&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">血肿</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;inherit&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">&gt;5ml)</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">累及脑桥双侧，常破入第四脑室或向背侧扩展至中脑。患者于数秒至数分钟内陷入昏迷、</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">四肢瘫痪</span><span style=\"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">和去皮质强直发作</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family: &#39;inherit&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">可见双侧针尖样瞳孔和固定于正中位、呕吐咖啡样</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">胃</span><span style=\"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">内容物、中枢性</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">高热</span><span style=\"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height:inherit\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">、中枢性呼吸障碍和眼球浮动</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;inherit&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">双眼间隔约</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family: &#39;inherit&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">5s</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">的下跳性移动</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;inherit&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">等，通常在</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family: &#39;inherit&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">48h</span><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">内死亡。小量出血表现交叉性瘫痪或</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">共济失调</span><span style=\"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">性轻偏瘫，两眼向病灶侧凝视</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">麻痹</span><span style=\"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height:inherit\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">或核间性</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">眼肌麻痹</span><span style=\"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height:inherit\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">，可无意识障碍，可较好恢复。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">中脑出血罕见，轻症表现一侧或双侧动眼神经不全瘫痪或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">Weber</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">综合征，重症表现深昏迷，四肢弛缓性瘫痪，迅速死亡</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">可通过</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">CT</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">确诊。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">4)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">小脑出血：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">小脑齿状核动脉破裂所致，起病突然，数分钟内出现头痛、</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">眩晕</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">、频繁呕吐、枕部剧烈头痛和平衡障碍等，但无肢体瘫痪。病初意识清楚或轻度意识模糊，轻症表现一侧肢体笨拙、行动不稳、共济失调和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">眼球震颤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。大量出血可在</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">12</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">～</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">24h</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">内陷入昏迷和脑干受压征象，如周围性面神经麻痹、两眼凝视病灶对侧</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">脑桥侧视中枢受压</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">、瞳孔缩小而光反应存在、肢体瘫痪及病理反射等</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">晚期瞳孔散大，中枢性呼吸障碍，可因枕大孔疝死亡。暴发型发病立即出现昏迷，与脑桥出血不易鉴别。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">5)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">原发性脑室出血：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">占脑出血的</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">3%</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">～</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">5%</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，是脑室内脉络丛动脉或室管膜下动脉破裂出血所致。多数病例是小量脑室出血，可见头痛、呕吐、脑膜刺激征及血性脑脊液，无意识障碍及局灶性神经体征，酷似蛛网膜下隙出血，可完全恢复，预后好。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 20px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">大量脑室出血起病急骤，迅速陷入昏迷，四肢弛缓性瘫及去皮质强直发作，频繁呕吐，针尖样瞳孔，眼球分离</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">斜视</span><span 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