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中医饮食治疗

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芹菜

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   芹菜，富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、胡萝卜素、B族维生素、钙、磷、铁、钠等，叶茎中还含有药效成分的芹菜苷、佛手苷内酯和挥发油，具有降血压、降血脂、防治动脉粥样硬化的作用。

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萝卜

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    萝卜味辛甘性凉。可消积滞、化痰热、散淤血、解酒毒、降血脂、软化血管，常吃能预防冠心病和动脉硬化。主要吃法是萝卜猪骨汤、萝卜海带瘦猪肉汤，清淡味美。所以萝卜可以作为降血压的蔬菜，减轻高血压患者的症状。

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猕猴桃

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   其味酸、甘，性寒，无毒。全果或汁能够清热利水、散瘀活血、抗炎消肿、降低血压、降低胆固醇，适用于高血压、冠心病、动脉硬化等.

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黑蒜

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    最为常用饮食疗法，其食用简单，针对高血压及引起的高血糖、高血脂的调理平衡效果理想。

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冬瓜

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   为一年生草本植物，茎上有卷须，能爬蔓，叶子大，开黄花。果实球形或长圆柱形，表面有毛和白粉，是普通蔬菜。皮和种子可入药。瓜形状如枕，又叫枕瓜，生产于夏季。可以治高血压。

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富硒米

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   其口感甘润，米香四溢，含有丰富的硒元素，对高血压有着良好的功效。

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饮食原则

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    高血压的饮食治疗原则是：高维生素、高纤维素、高钙、低脂肪、低胆固醇、低盐饮食；每日食盐量降低到4～5克，可使收缩压平均降低4 ～6毫米汞柱。

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\"u=2262995748,3504309343&fm=11&gp=0.jpg\"

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    高血压是一种以动脉压升高为特征，可伴有心脏、血管、脑和肾脏等器官功能性或器质性改变的全身性疾病，高血压患者除注意在医生的指导下坚持适度的体育锻炼与对症服药外，更要注意饮食调理。本文将为大家推荐一些治疗高血压的食疗方法。

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1.薏米冬瓜汤

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原料：薏米50克，冬瓜150克，水350克。

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做法：冬瓜一块、薏米用清水泡4-5小时备用，冬瓜切成1.5公分半的厚片。薏米入锅大火烧开后转小火煮熟至开花汤稍微变白即可。下入冬瓜转大火烧开转中火煮2分钟即可出锅。

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2.豆腐瘦肉汤

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原料：豆腐、瘦肉、姜丝、枸杞、香菇。

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做法：姜片切丝、豆腐切块。瘦肉切片，过水备用。将500ml的水注入锅中煮开后，放入豆腐、枸杞、香菇、姜丝等同煮，用大火煮5分钟后，再转小火煮10分钟。放入瘦肉片，转大火煮开后即熄火，焖2分钟即可。

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3.醋拌番茄海带

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原料：红番茄2个、干嫩海带15克（泡水10分钟还原）。

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调料：鸡精2大匙、米醋或柠檬汁1大匙、酱油1小匙、糖1大匙、冷开水1小匙。

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做法：番茄底部若先用刀划上十字，再用开水烫，轻轻松松把皮剥下来，去皮、去籽，切成约1公分丁状。所有调味料混合拌匀后，加入红番茄和切段嫩海带，轻松搅拌几下即可。

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4.海带南瓜汤

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原料：南瓜半斤，海带四两，瘦肉一两，姜三片，水六碗。

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做法：南瓜去皮去核切块。海带洗净浸软切段出水，水滚后材料用慢火煲2小时，加盐调味。

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5.黄豆炖牛肉

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主料：牛腱子肉150克、大豆50克、番茄100克。

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调料：色拉油10克、大蒜5克、姜5克、白酒10克、酱油20克、淀粉（豌豆）10克。

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做法：黄豆用水浸泡约4小时，洗净后沥干水分。牛腱肉、番茄洗净，分别切块，备用。大蒜、姜分别洗净，均切成末。锅中入油10克，将蒜、姜炒香，再加入水煮开。

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6.白米腐竹白果粥

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原料：大米300克，白果150克。

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做法：大米淘洗净，加盐码好。白果去壳去核。腐竹用水发软后切碎。锅中水沸后放入大米、白果和腐竹同煮约30分钟后，将麦片用纱布包好放入在煮30分钟。粥好后，取出麦片纱布包，用盐调味即成。

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    高血压食疗法总的原则是：适量控制能量及食盐量，降低脂肪和胆固醇的摄入水平，控制体重，采用低脂肪、低胆固醇、低钠、高维生素和适量补充蛋白质的饮食。

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\"高血压有哪些并发疾病\" 

在我国，高血压病最常见的并发症是脑血管意外，其次是高血压性心脏病心力衰竭，再是肾功能衰竭，在临床表现一节中已描述。较少见但严重的并发症为主动脉夹层动脉瘤。其起病常突然，迅速发生剧烈胸痛，向背或腹部放射，伴有主动脉分支堵塞的现象，使两上肢血压及脉搏有明显差别，一侧从颈动脉到股动脉的脉搏均消失或下肢暂时性瘫痪或偏瘫。少数发生主动脉瓣关闭不全。未受堵塞的动脉血压升高。动脉瘤可破裂入心包或胸膜腔而迅速死亡。胸部X线检查可见主动脉明显增宽。超声心动图计算机化X线或磁共振断层显象检查可直接显示主动脉的夹层或范围，甚至可发现破口。主动脉造影也可确立诊断。高血压合并下肢动脉粥样硬化时，可造成下肢疼痛、跛行。


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男,64岁。2616年12分，查出肝癌，原发性。7.7*6.0.并有肝炎肝硬化，活动性，代偿期已型重度肝损伤，酒精性肝硬化，肝囊肿，结节，高血压，2型糖尿病。这种情况，可以做肿瘤切除手术吗？

","barId":"1920","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"4386","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"初期高血压不治疗可以吗","content":"

近几天感觉到头疼，睡眠也不好。到医务室量了量血压是 140 100，最大的感觉是眼睛发胀。昨天睡了一夜，头不疼了，但是眼睛还是不是很舒服，有点发紧。

想得到怎样的帮助：
想问问 这种情况不吃药，想让血压自然调节过来，可以吗？该怎么做，才能自然调节，以前从来没血压高过，现在是第一次。不想吃降压药


","barId":"1920","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"1565","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"高血压的治疗原则是","content":"

（一）原发性高血压的治疗

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1.治疗目的及原则

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       高血压治疗的主要目标是血压达标，降压治疗的最终目的是最大限度地减少高血压患者心、脑血管病的发生率和死亡率。降压治疗应该确立血压控制目标值。另一方面，高血压常常与其他心、脑血管病的危险因素合并存在，例如高胆固醇血症、肥胖、糖尿病等，协同加重心血管疾病危险，治疗措施应该是综合性的。不同人群的降压目标不同，一般患者的降压目标为140/90mmHg以下，对合并糖尿病或肾病等高危患者，应酌情降至更低。对所有患者，不管其他时段的血压是否高于正常值，均应注意清晨血压的监测，有研究显示半数以上诊室血压达标的患者，其清晨血压并未达标。

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（1）改善生活行为 ①减轻并控制体重。②减少钠盐摄入。③补充钙和钾盐。④减少脂肪摄入。⑤增加运动。⑥戒烟、限制饮酒。⑦减轻精神压力，保持心理平衡。

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（2）血压控制标准个体化 由于病因不同，高血压发病机制不尽相同，临床用药分别对待，选择最合适药物和剂量，以获得最佳疗效。

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（3）多重心血管危险因素协同控制 降压治疗后尽管血压控制在正常范围，血压升高以外的多种危险因素依然对预后产生重要影响。

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2.降压药物治疗

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对检出的高血压患者，应使用推荐的起始与维持治疗的降压药物，特别是每日给药1次能控制24小时并达标的药物，具体应遵循4项原则，即小剂量开始，优先选择长效制剂，联合用药及个体化。

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（1）降压药物种类 ①利尿药。②β受体阻滞剂。③钙通道阻滞剂。④血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂。⑤血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂。

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应根据患者的危险因素、靶器官损害及合并临床疾病的情况，选择单一用药或联合用药。选择降压药物的原则如下：

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1）使用半衰期24小时以及以上、每日一次服药能够控制24小时的血压药物，如氨氯地平等，避免因治疗方案选择不当导致的医源性清晨血压控制不佳；

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2）使用安全、可长期坚持并能够控制每一个24小时血压的药物，提高患者的治疗依从性；

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3）使用心脑获益临床试验证据充分并可真正降低长期心脑血管事件的药物，减少心脑血管事件，改善高血压患者的生存质量。

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（2）治疗方案 大多数无并发症或合并症患者可以单独或者联合使用噻嗪类利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂等。治疗应从小剂量开始，逐步递增剂量。临床实际使用时，患者心血管危险因素状况、靶器官损害、并发症、合并症、降压疗效、不良反应等，都会影响降压药的选择。2级高血压患者在开始时就可以采用两种降压药物联合治疗。

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（二）继发性高血压的治疗

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主要是针对原发病的治疗，如嗜铬细胞瘤引起的高血压，肿瘤切除后血压可降至正常；肾血管性高血压可通过介入治疗扩张肾动脉。对原发病不能手术根治或术后血压仍高者，除采用其他针对病因的治疗外，还应选用适当的降压药物进行降压治疗。

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    在我国，高高血压最常见的并发症是脑血管意外，其次是高血压性心脏病心力衰竭，再是肾功能衰竭，在临床表现一节中已描述。较少见但严重的并发症为主动脉夹层动脉瘤。其起病常突然，迅速发生剧烈胸痛，向背或腹部放射，伴有主动脉分支堵塞的现象，使两上肢血压及脉搏有明显差别，一侧从颈动脉到股动脉的脉搏均消失或下肢暂时性瘫痪或偏瘫。

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    少数发生主动脉瓣关闭不全。未受堵塞的动脉血压升高。动脉瘤可破裂入心包或胸膜腔而迅速死亡。胸部X线检查可见主动脉明显增宽。超声心动图计算机化X线或磁共振断层显象检查可直接显示主动脉的夹层或范围，甚至可发现破口。主动脉造影也可确立诊断。高血压合并下肢动脉粥样硬化时，可造成下肢疼痛、跛行。

","barId":"1920","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"3546","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"北京大学人民医院心脏中心高血压患者讲座","content":"

       本期讲座针对众多高血压患者正在服用的抗栓类药物进行，届时张前医生将就高血压患者为何需要抗栓治疗及常用药物进行讲解，讲座时间为20分钟，之后有20-30分钟答疑时间，以促进医患之间的交流，并使大家能够充分理解讲座内容。

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       高血压患者福音，北大人民医院科普讲座信息，可以免费咨询看病哦

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1.遗传因素

大约60%的半数高血压患者有家族史。目前认为是多基因遗传所致，30%～50%的高血压患者有遗传背景。

2.精神和环境因素

长期的精神紧张、激动、焦虑，受噪声或不良视觉刺激等因素也会引起高血压的发生。

3.年龄因素

发病率有随着年龄增长而增高的趋势，40岁以上者发病率高。

4.生活习惯因素

膳食结构不合理，如过多的钠盐、低钾饮食、大量饮酒、摄入过多的饱和脂肪酸均可使血压升高。吸烟可加速动脉粥样硬化的过程，为高血压的危险因素。

5.药物的影响

避孕药、激素、消炎止痛药等均可影响血压。

6.其他疾病的影响

肥胖、糖尿病、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、甲状腺疾病、肾动脉狭窄、肾脏实质损害、肾上腺占位性病变、嗜铬细胞瘤、其他神经内分泌肿瘤等。


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