{"nowTime30":1777433823326,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"儿童挑食、偏食、厌食行为严重影响着孩子的健康成长，我们必须采取有效措施进行干预，那么我们该做些什么？\n\n\n 解决孩子的挑食、偏食、厌食行为问题，必须解决有挑食、偏食、厌食行为的孩子的营养、消化与食欲三大问题，我们可以从干预的目标入手。\n\n 首先解决挑食儿童可能出现的营养与生长发育问题，从挑食的后果（","keywords":"怎样干预儿童挑食、偏食、厌食行为？_洞医","title":"怎样干预儿童挑食、偏食、厌食行为？_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"0300b4bddfaf11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484985344390,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","realName":"赵玉","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"111111111111","email":"2276635444@qq.com","hospitalId":"31c19c1b453011e69d4700163e005165","departmentId":"2000","illName":"","illId":"793a72a2bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985951761.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"儿科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1174","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430613026,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"小儿厌食","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"6d4d3b9bbb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为您病友提供:小儿厌食论坛_儿童厌食论坛_病友论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿厌食论坛_儿童厌食论坛_病友论坛\",\"title\":\"小儿厌食论坛_儿童厌食论坛_病友论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:2岁小儿厌食怎么办_小儿厌食症的治疗方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"2岁小儿厌食怎么办_小儿厌食症的治疗方法\",\"title\":\"2岁小儿厌食怎么办_小儿厌食症的治疗方法\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童厌食症的表现_婴儿厌食症的初期症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童厌食症的表现_婴儿厌食症的初期症状\",\"title\":\"儿童厌食症的表现_婴儿厌食症的初期症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童厌食后遗症_儿童厌食危害身体健康等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童厌食后遗症_儿童厌食危害身体健康\",\"title\":\"儿童厌食后遗症_儿童厌食危害身体健康\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿厌食吃什么好_小儿厌食食谱等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿厌食吃什么好_小儿厌食食谱\",\"title\":\"小儿厌食吃什么好_小儿厌食食谱\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿厌食是什么原因_小儿呕吐厌食怎么回事等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿厌食是什么原因_小儿呕吐厌食怎么回事\",\"title\":\"小儿厌食是什么原因_小儿呕吐厌食怎么回事\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:9岁儿童厌食怎么办_儿童厌食挑食怎么办等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"9岁儿童厌食怎么办_儿童厌食挑食怎么办\",\"title\":\"9岁儿童厌食怎么办_儿童厌食挑食怎么办\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:健康饮食预防幼儿厌食_小儿厌食怎么预防等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"健康饮食预防幼儿厌食_小儿厌食怎么预防\",\"title\":\"健康饮食预防幼儿厌食_小儿厌食怎么预防\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿厌食挑食_小儿厌食的原因_小儿厌食食谱_小儿厌食症的治疗方法、宝妈们的应对小技巧等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿厌食挑食_小儿厌食的原因_小儿厌食食谱_小儿厌食症的治疗方法\",\"title\":\"小儿厌食挑食_小儿厌食的原因_小儿厌食食谱_小儿厌食症的治疗方法\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"4272","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"家长如何预防小儿厌食症","content":"

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　　1、规律饮食，少吃零食，少饮高热量饮料，定时进食。

　　2、平衡膳食，食物多样化

　　合理选择食谱，做到粗细调剂，荤、素菜搭配，让孩子吃杂、吃全；讲究花式品种，纠正孩子不爱吃面食，“爱荤不爱素”或“爱素不爱荤”的偏食习惯；鱼要去刺，肉要去骨，菜要切碎煮烂，纤维较粗的要切成小丁、小丝、小块，以适应孩子消化器官尚未完全成熟的特点；多进食含微量元素（锌、铁、铜、碘等）丰富的食物，如：动物肝脏、瘦肉、蛋黄、鱼类、豆类及豆制品、花生、油菜等食物。

　　3、创造一个安静愉快的进食环境

　　用膳要有固定的地方，有适合孩子的餐具、桌椅，让孩子自己坐着吃饭；大人不要谈论与就餐无关的事，更不能让孩子东跑西跑，边吃边玩，分散了吃饭的注意力；父母决不能在孩子吃饭时训斥孩子。有事尽量放到饭后处理，如果非要解决不可，也务必和蔼耐心，切忌粗暴简单而破坏良好气氛。

　4、帮助孩子适应新环境

　　当孩子突然改变环境和生话习惯时，家长应帮助其逐步适应新的环境和新的生话习惯。

　　5、合理喂养，养成良好的饮食习惯，从小抓起。


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　　本病属中医“疳积”范畴，多为乳食积滞，损伤脾胃，运化失司所为，当以健脾益胃、消食导滞为治。积极的家庭护理可有效地防治小儿厌食症。

\n

 

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　　培养习惯：预防小儿厌食症，要培养小儿良好的饮食习惯。从婴儿时期起就要注意进食要定时定量，一般儿童每日3餐，每餐间隔4～5小时；幼儿每日4餐，每餐间隔3～4小时。这样才能使孩子产生正常的空腹感，促进胃液正常分泌。1岁以后则应培养小孩自己进食的能力，以提高他们进食的兴趣。

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　　控制零食：不要给小孩太多零食、饮料等。中医认为，甘则令人中满，果汁型饮料中糖分含量较高，儿童饮用后腻胃滞脾，且孩子可从饮料中获得不少热能，从而影响正常进食，久而久之形成小儿厌食症。因此，要控制小儿的零食及饮料摄入，必要时，可给小孩吃少量干鲜的果品、酸奶或新鲜果汁。

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　　体育锻炼：适当增加小孩户外活动的时间，参加力所能及的劳动及轻微的家务，积极参加体育锻炼，可消耗能量，促进消化液的分泌，增进食欲，促进食物的消化吸收。

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　　环境适宜：吃饭应有稳定而安静的场所和轻松愉快的气氛。愉快的情绪可兴奋大脑皮层的进食中枢，提高食欲。大人和小孩最好能一起吃饭，要教育小孩集中思想，细嚼慢咽，不要边吃边玩。吃饭时，家长切忌批评训斥孩子，也不要在吃饭时逗小孩玩。孩子拒食时不要坚持引诱，更不要强迫进食。可在饭前给孩子吃点山楂等酸性水果，以刺激胃液的分泌。必要时还可口服食母生、多酶片等帮助消化。

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　　药袋疗法：药袋疗法通过药物的治疗作用和对经络、穴位的刺激作用，达到健脾开胃，和胃消积的作用，可选用中药高良姜、青陈皮、荜茇、苍术、薄荷、川椒各等量，研为细末，装入布袋中，置于胸前，每月1剂，1月为1疗程，连续戴1个～2个疗程。或黄芪、炒白术、焦山楂、炒六曲、炒内金、皮硝各10克，陈皮、广木香、砂仁各6克，共研细末，放入布袋中，置于肚脐处，适当固定，每月换药1次，1月为1疗程，连续1个～2个疗程。

","barId":"1174","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7503","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答 小儿心肌炎可能并发哪些疾病","content":"

\"专家向您解答

找良医网向您详细介绍小儿心肌炎有哪些并发病症，小儿心肌炎还会引起哪些疾病？


小儿心肌炎常见并发症：；心源性休克 心房扑动


小儿心肌炎并发症


各种心律失常，以期前收缩多见，心动过缓(房室传导阻滞)心动过速(室性心动过速、房性心动过速)亦可有心房颤动、心房扑动。并发心力衰竭 、心源性休克、多脏器功能衰竭、阿斯综合征等。新生儿心肌炎常并发黄疸，多脏器功能损害，DIC等。


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最近连续5天厌食干呕，才查出肺炎，体温不高，要吃什么，怎么治疗

","barId":"1174","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"2656","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿厌食心理治疗","content":"

厌食是儿科常见的心身疾病，主要表现为较长时间的食欲不振、食量明显减少，甚至拒食，多发生在5岁以下的小儿，1-3岁最多。厌食症患儿多因为胃肠消化功能紊乱，引起食欲明显减退甚至消失所致，常导致小儿正常的营养发育受到明显的影响。心理社会因素对小儿厌食发生和发展的重要因素： 


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①情绪障碍是最常见的原因。家长过分担心小儿进食不够而采用各种手段强迫小儿进食，或是家长总在进餐时间训斥小儿，都会影响小儿进食的情绪状态，使得小儿对原本是会产生满足感、愉快感的进食行为不感兴趣。长期如此，逐渐形成反射性的讨厌、害怕，影响食欲、食量，甚至拒食。而其他诸如环境改变、功课负担过重等也会不同程度地影响小儿的情绪状态，而影响食欲。 


②不良进食习惯也与厌食的形成有关，如边吃边玩、长期家长喂食、食用大量零食和饮料等。 


③近年来，基于对美丽的歪曲认识基础上，试图通过过分的减少进食的方法达到减肥瘦身，也促使了厌食的发生。

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食欲好的孩子，视进食为乐事，到时间就想进餐。食欲不好的孩子，厌倦进食，视进食为负担，即使色香味均好的美食，也没有兴趣，这种饮食状态，就叫厌食。如果厌食持续时间较长，就会影响小儿身高、体重的正常增长，称为厌食症。厌食症要与假性厌食做鉴别。顾名思义，假性厌食并不是真正的厌食，而是家长过分重视孩子的食量，可又掌握不好孩子的食量标准，总以为孩子吃得少。

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每个孩子的胃口都不一样，有的孩子食物吸收利用率高，有的孩子食物吸收利用率低，就是说同样吃了营养成分数量相同的食物，有的孩子营养已能满足自身需要，有的孩子则显不足。所以孩子吃多吃少，不能互相攀比，即每个孩子有每个孩子的食量，只要孩子身高、体重正常增长，就不算真正的厌食。有些孩子爱吃零食，到正餐的时候，吃饭量就少，这种饮食状态也会影响孩子身高、体重增长，但是也不能视为厌食症。

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        见食不贪，食欲不振，甚至拒食，医学上称之为“小儿厌食症”。据调查资料表明，城市中60%的学龄前儿童均有不同程度的厌食。究其原因，与饮食习惯和饮食方式有密切关系。同时，与缺少某些微量元素也有一定关系，如缺锌，可能影响消化功能，致使小儿吸收能力差，营养不良而不思饮食。

       长期厌食的患儿可以导致消化功能紊乱，出现嗳气恶心，多食后脘腹作胀，甚至呕吐，大便不调，面色欠华，形体偏瘦等表现，严重的可以导致患儿营养不良，机体抵抗力下降，容易感染多种疾病，影响小儿身体的健康和正常生长发育。

本病的调补方法有：

（一）   药食调补

如出现厌恶进食，食不知味，常伴嗳气泛恶，胸闷脘痞，大便不畅，若进食或偶然多食则脘腹胀满时，可选用下列调补品。

（1）       焦山楂10g，炒苍术10g，粳米50g。将山楂、苍术洗净入锅，加水适量煎煮半小时，去渣后加入淘洗干净的粳米一同煮粥，粥成服食。本品具有调脾助运之功用。

（2）       炒白术10g，薏苡仁20g，粳米50g。将炒白术洗净切片，与薏苡仁一同入锅，加水适量煎煮半小时，去渣后加入淘洗干净的粳米一同煮粥，调味服食。本品具有健脾助运之功用。

（3）       茯苓粉10g，炙鸡内金粉10g，粳米50g。先将粳米淘洗干净，再一并放入锅内，加冷水适量煮粥，调味服食，空腹服。本品具有健脾消失之功用。

（4）       橘皮末15g，麦芽20g，粳米50g。将橘皮、麦芽洗净入锅，加冷水适量煎煮半小时，去渣后加入淘洗干净的粳米一同煮粥，调味服食。本品具有理气健脾之功用。

（5）       百合20g，鸭肫1只。将鸭肫洗净切片，在油锅内稍煎，与洗净的百合一并放入砂锅，加姜、葱及清水适量炖煮30分钟后，加适量盐，即可食用。本品具有补脾调胃之功用。

如出现以不思饮食，兼见面色少华，精神不振，食少便多，大便入水易散，夹有未消化食物，或易于出汗，易于感冒时，可选用下列调补品。

（1）       胡萝卜50g，大麦片50g。将胡萝卜洗净切成薄片与大麦一并入锅，加适量冷水煮粥，调味服食。本品具有养胃助运之功用。

（2）       大麦芽20g，六神曲15g。将上两味洗净一同入锅，加适量清水煮粥，粥成服食。本品具有健脾养胃之功用。

（3）       太子参10g，淮山药20g，鸡肫2只。将太子参、山药洗净切片，太子参用纱布包好，将鸡肫洗净切片，一并放入砂锅内，加适量姜、葱、料酒、清水炖熟后，加少许盐，即可食用。本品具有补益脾气之功用。

（4）       扁豆50g，莲子20g，瘦猪肉100g。将瘦猪肉洗净切片，在油锅内稍煎，与洗净的扁豆、莲子一并放入砂锅内，加姜、葱及清水适量，炖煮至肉熟烂后，加适量盐，即可食用。本品具有健脾和胃之功用。

（5）       黄芪10g，太子参10g，泥鳅2条。将黄芪、太子参洗净切成小片，用纱布包好，泥鳅杀死去内脏后，在油锅内稍煎，一并放入砂锅内，加姜、葱、料酒及清水适量，炖煮30分钟后，加适量盐，即可食用。本品具有补中益气和胃之功用。

如出现以纳谷呆钝，食少饮多为主，常兼面色萎黄，皮肤失润，大便偏干，小便黄短，部分患儿烦闹少寐，手足心热时，可选用下列调补品。

(1)    乌梅10g，山楂20g，粳米50g。先将乌梅、山楂洗净入锅，加适量水煎煮半小时，去渣后加入淘洗干净的粳米一同煮粥，调味服食。本品具有益胃滋阴的功用。

(2)    鲜梨3只，粳米100g。将梨洗净，连皮切碎，去核，加水适量，文火煮30分钟，捞出梨块，加粳米，煮成稀粥，每日早晚各吃1次，连用1周，本品具有养胃滋阴之功用。

(3)    西红柿5只。洗净后用沸水泡5分钟，剥去皮。用干净纱布绞挤，滤出汁液，每次50毫升，日服3次，连服5天。本品具有养胃助运之功用。

(4)    南沙参15g，麦冬10g，小仔鸡1只。先将沙参、麦冬洗净切片，用纱布包好，将小仔鸡杀死去毛，去内脏，洗净切片，入油锅稍煎后，一并放入油锅内，加入姜、葱、料酒、清水适量，武火煮沸再用文火煮半小时，加入适量盐，即可服食。本品具有益胃养阴之功用。

(5)    百合30g，猪肚200g。将猪肚洗净切片，在油锅里煎炒后，放入砂锅内，加入洗净的百合，再加入姜、葱及清水适量，炖煮半小时，放入适量盐，可常服。本品具有养胃滋阴之功用。

（二）   其他调补

1.       精神调补。注意孩子的情志变化，防止忧思，惊恐损伤脾胃。要让患儿保持良好的情绪。对患儿既不要百依百顺，也不要打骂，不要对其学习、生活方面提出不切实际的过高要求，更不要强迫进食，形成思想负担。

2.       生活调理。掌握对儿童正确的喂养方法，饮食起居按时有度，夏季不过食冷饮。按照儿童年龄，给予营养丰富、容易消化的食品，婴儿期要按时添加辅食。要纠正患儿贪吃零食或偏食挑食，饮食不按时、无定量的不良习惯。少进肥甘厚味、生冷干硬食物，不能滥服补品及补药。食物不要过于精细，应鼓励吃蔬菜及粗粮，增加食物的品种，菜肴讲究色、香、味，促进食欲。

3.按摩。

（1）摩腹：让患儿取坐位或仰卧位，隔衣或松开腰带，以肚脐为中心用手掌作顺时针方向摩腹5分钟，再逆时针方向摩腹5分钟。

（2）捏脊：家长让患儿俯卧，自长强至大椎一直线，由下至上，用双手拇指桡侧面顶住其脊柱两侧皮肤，食指和中指前按与拇指相对分别捏起皮肤，随捏随提，双手交替捻动并向前推进。以上两种方法，每日1-2次。


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\"专家向您解答

①胃肠道疾病：如消化性溃疡、急慢性肝炎、慢性肠炎、各种原因的腹泻及慢性便秘等都是常见的原因。


②消化道变态反应及服用易引起恶心、呕吐的药物如红霉素、氯霉素、磺胺类药物以及氨茶碱等也可导致厌食。


③全身性疾病如结核病、胶原病、贫血、及一些慢性感染等。


④锌缺乏和缺乏某些内分泌时，如甲状腺功能低下等。


⑤其他如肝功能不全、高血压、酸中毒、尿毒症、以及心功能不全消化道淤血。


⑥近年来较多增加的维生素A和/或维生素D中毒等。

 

　　除以上疾病外，应注意小儿情绪变化可引起厌食。特别是因家长溺爱对小儿进食采取不适当的态度，反而引起神经性厌食（参阅精神疾病篇）。不良的饮食习惯常是厌食的主要原因，高蛋白、高糖的饮食使食欲下降；两餐之间随意吃糖果、点心、花生、瓜子等零食，以及吃饭不定时、生活不规律都影响食欲；夏季气候过热，湿度过高以及过多的冷饮都影响消化液的分泌，而影响食欲。

 

　　长期厌食可致营养不良和体质减弱。

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\"1_580_360.jpg\"    儿童挑食、偏食、厌食行为严重影响着孩子的健康成长，我们必须采取有效措施进行干预，那么我们该做些什么？

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    解决孩子的挑食、偏食、厌食行为问题，必须解决有挑食、偏食、厌食行为的孩子的营养、消化与食欲三大问题，我们可以从干预的目标入手。

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    首先解决挑食儿童可能出现的营养与生长发育问题，从挑食的后果（生长迟缓、体重偏轻、微量营养素缺乏、认知发育迟缓、消化和食欲问题）进行营养干预；

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    第二、从挑食的成因，进行行为干预，减少父母在喂养过程中产生的急躁、逼迫、打骂等负面情绪；

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    第三、增加孩子食欲，补充锌剂或有强化锌的食物，能够改善儿童的食欲。尽量避免甜食，尤其是餐前甜饮料；

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    第四、家长自己首先要养成良好的就餐习惯不要偏食，帮孩子养成良好的健康的饮食习惯；

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    第五、在食物方面，日常饮食不要太单调，提供的食物结构要经常有变化。应尽量注意食品的色、香、味，以刺激儿童的口味，引起孩子的兴趣；

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    第六、要注意孩子营养素的缺乏，及时补充；

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    第七、要多关心孩子，如果有消化道疾病，需要及时就诊治疗。

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    最后需要提醒的是，冰冻三尺非一日之寒，孩子的饮食习惯并非一天养成的，也非一天就能改变，需要家长们有信心和耐心，只要坚持每天小小的进步，将有助于孩子身心健康成长。

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