{"nowTime30":1785241102225,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"我儿子三岁两个月，老是咳嗽、流点鼻涕，能不能给个建议，是不是小儿哮喘。咳嗽已经有十几天了。","keywords":"请问是不是小儿哮喘_洞医","title":"请问是不是小儿哮喘_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"84549cea2b2c11e7a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1493285585673,"createBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"柠檬茶","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","realName":"sdfg","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"sdfgsfg","email":"sdfgsfg","hospitalId":"2fde97e0453011e69d4700163e005165","departmentId":"2058","illName":"","illId":"4055b07abadb11e6a61c00163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1493285701754.png","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"骨科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1444","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430690670,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"小儿哮喘","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"666562e4bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:小儿哮喘论坛_儿童哮喘论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿哮喘论坛_儿童哮喘论坛\",\"title\":\"小儿哮喘论坛_儿童哮喘论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法\",\"title\":\"小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童哮喘的症状有哪些?_宝宝哮喘的症状有哪些等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童哮喘的症状有哪些?_宝宝哮喘的症状有哪些\",\"title\":\"儿童哮喘的症状有哪些?_宝宝哮喘的症状有哪些\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童哮喘并发症_儿童哮喘的危害及预防等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童哮喘并发症_儿童哮喘的危害及预防\",\"title\":\"儿童哮喘并发症_儿童哮喘的危害及预防\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:哮喘儿童的饮食禁忌_哮喘儿童的不能吃什么等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"哮喘儿童的饮食禁忌_哮喘儿童的不能吃什么\",\"title\":\"哮喘儿童的饮食禁忌_哮喘儿童的不能吃什么\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿哮喘的原因是什么_小儿哮喘是怎么引起的等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿哮喘的原因是什么_小儿哮喘是怎么引起的\",\"title\":\"小儿哮喘的原因是什么_小儿哮喘是怎么引起的\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童哮喘为什么以6岁为界_儿童哮喘能根治吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童哮喘为什么以6岁为界_儿童哮喘能根治吗\",\"title\":\"儿童哮喘为什么以6岁为界_儿童哮喘能根治吗\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童哮喘的预防_如何预防儿童哮喘等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童哮喘的预防_如何预防儿童哮喘\",\"title\":\"儿童哮喘的预防_如何预防儿童哮喘\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿哮喘症状、小儿哮喘如何确诊、小儿哮喘能根治吗、小儿哮喘怎么办、病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿哮喘症状_小儿哮喘能根治吗_小儿哮喘怎么办_小儿哮喘如何确诊\",\"title\":\"小儿哮喘症状_小儿哮喘能根治吗_小儿哮喘怎么办_小儿哮喘如何确诊\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"1275","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"如何预防儿童哮喘","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Simsun; white-space: normal; background-color: #fcf1f5;\">　　又到了儿童哮喘的高发季节，许多哮喘患儿在医院病情减轻，回家后咳喘加重；有些患儿能按时用药但不能很好地控制哮喘发作；还有些患儿经常感冒，随之咳喘。河南中医学院一附院儿科二病区主任医师赵坤提醒，儿童哮喘的家庭护理很重要。许多儿童出现哮喘反复发作不是药物的问题，而是家庭护理做得不到位。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Simsun; white-space: normal; background-color: #fcf1f5;\">　　<strong>室内放芹菜</strong>：卧室的开窗对流非常重要，开窗后空气对流可降低室内的甲醛、苯、氨、化纤等有害物质的密度，而这些物质是诱发过敏的主要原因。现代家装中甲醛、苯、氡、氨被列为四大室内污染，其中尤以甲醛为重，其挥发年限为15年。但由于秋冬季节气温较低，许多家长不愿意开窗。其实，在室内放置碳吸附剂是一种比较好的方法。但如果家长实在买不到碳吸附剂，有个土方法也不错，那就是在卧室内放棵新鲜的芹菜，因为芹菜也具有很好的吸附作用。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Simsun; white-space: normal; background-color: #fcf1f5;\">　　<strong>忌&ldquo;倒金字塔式&rdquo;的饮食习惯</strong>：高蛋白饮食也是诱发哮喘反复发作的一个重要原因。婴幼儿正处在生长期，肠黏膜异常丰富，因此如果经常大量高蛋白饮食，也会导致人体形成过敏反应，诱使过敏性哮喘复发。赵坤主任强调，婴幼儿合理的饮食应当是金字塔式的，塔的最顶端是蛋白食物，塔基是面食、蔬菜等，但现实生活中许多孩子一日三餐都是鸡蛋、牛奶、肉类等，这些高蛋白食物反而成了塔基，也就是说，&ldquo;倒金字塔式&rdquo;的饮食习惯对预防哮喘发作非常不利。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Simsun; white-space: normal; background-color: #fcf1f5;\">　　<strong>食物过敏不能用脱敏疗法</strong>：脱敏疗法其实是减敏疗法，也就是通过给病人注射过敏流，使其机体逐渐耐受，对过敏性哮喘病人则可减少哮喘发作。例如，如果有的儿童对冷空气过敏，最好从夏天早晨就开始锻炼，增加对冷空气的耐受，这样到了冬天对冷空气的敏感就会减轻。但是要强调的是，人体对某种食物过敏时最好的方法是终止引起过敏的食物，用目前的脱敏方法不能解决问题。例如，有的孩子对牛奶过敏，最好不要喝，切不可认为，只要多吃，机体就会适应，这是大错特错的。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"2028","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"儿童哮喘的家庭护理","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486193253871.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193253871.jpg\" alt=\"jkjy_14759276404850.jpg\" /></p>\n<pre class=\"best-text mb-10\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Lantinghei SC', 'Microsoft YaHei', arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 29px; color: #333333; min-height: 55px; background-color: #ffffff;\">       家长对哮喘不太了解，甚至存在一些认识上的误区。这在哮喘患儿家长中很普遍。有的家长一听说孩子得了哮喘，就觉褂这足一件很严重的事，把孩子当成易碎的玻璃，每天小心翼翼地呵护;相反，有的家长却不把医生的话当一回事，平时不发作时小管，发作了才到医院就诊;有的家长还极力否认孩子的病情，认为医生是危言耸听。这几种态度都是不对的。家庭护理，举足轻重<br />\n在促发哮喘发作的主要因素中，外源性过敏因索约占29%，因此，患儿首先应到有条件的医院进行过敏原测定，以便了解他对空气中的何种物质过敏。家长在日常生活中就应该注意避免让患儿接触这些危险因素，必要时可进行脱敏治疗。<br />\n螨虫、花粉常是引发哮喘的&ldquo;元凶&rdquo;，家长应做到以下几点：①用杀虫剂杀死室内可能致敏的螨虫。②室内不要铺地毯，床上用品不要使用毛毯及纤维纺织品。③常用温水擦洗床和席。④不要在居住环境内养宠物及种植花卉。因为动物皮毛、排泄物、唾液，以及植物花粉均可能致敏。⑤室内的刺激物如烟草、家用喷雾剂、油漆等，应尽量避免让患儿接触。食物过敏是哮喘的诱发因素之一。如果患儿对虾、蟹等过敏，家长就不要让他们摄人这类食物，平时可让他们多吃些豆类食品以满足孩子身体对蛋白质的需要。一些药物(如阿司匹林)可能加重哮喘，应避免服用。<br />\n家长应与医生建立良好的伙伴关系，根据病情，医患双方联合制订缓解期和发作期的治疗计划，并进行定期随访和监护，家长垃好定期参加医院开办的哮喘学校、学习班、知识讲座等，并阅凄哮喘的相关科普文章，以了解防治哮喘的相关知识和技能。同时，要在医生指导下，让孩子学会在哮喘发作时进行简单有效的自我急救，如学会使用各种定量雾化吸人器和储雾器吸人技术。此外，家长应自己或协助患儿记录哮喘日记，包括发病时间、症状、用药，从中找出发病的规律性，以便防护。心理辅助，不可或缺<br />\n哮喘是与心理应激相关的一种躯体性疾病，即心理应激可能诱发或加重哮喘发作，而哮喘发作时的喘憋、紧张、濒死感，又会反过来刺激患者产生心理应激，使其精神紧张、恐惧、抑郁、沮丧，进一步导致机体免疫力下降，使哮喘易于发作，造成恶性循环。因此，家长必须对患儿多做安慰、鼓励、解释工作。<br />\n家长应设法引导患儿，消除他们对哮喘及其用药所产生的顾虑和恐惧感，鼓励他们自信自强，乐观豁达。一方面要避免对患儿产生厌烦和歧视，另一方面也不能过分溺爱他们。不要经常询问孩子是否不舒服，或常说是否感觉要发病等暗示性话语，以免造成患儿精神紧张，诱发哮喘。患儿感到胸闷憋气，出现发作预兆时，可鼓励他尽量放松，如采用深长细匀的腹式呼吸等。</pre>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7732","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿哮喘可能并发哪些疾病","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510890977298.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘可能并发哪些疾病\" alt=\"小儿哮喘可能并发哪些疾病\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">找良医网</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">向您详细介绍小儿哮喘有哪些并发病症，小儿哮喘还会引起哪些疾病？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">小儿哮喘常见并发症</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">有以下几点：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">休克</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">、</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">慢性支气管炎</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">、</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">支气管扩张</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.肺气肿和肺心病</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在哮喘发作时，病人胸部隆起，双肩高耸，稍一活动就有明显气短，胸透时可见透光度增加，病人以为自己已经得了肺气肿，而实际上并非如此，这是因为哮喘发作时呼吸困难，以至肺内许多气呼不出来，形成了与肺气肿相似的临床表现，可是一旦发作缓解，这些表现都是可以消失的，一些学者认为，哮喘病如果没有慢性支气管炎并发，有的人得病数十年后，也仍然可以没有明显的肺气肿表现，有资料统计：大约</span>8 0%的肺气肿病人都有慢性支气管炎，1/3的慢性支气管炎伴有肺气肿，可是只有1/10左右的哮喘病人并发肺气肿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">和肺气肿一样，是否继发心脏病也是患者关心的问题，实际上，即使哮喘晚期，继发肺源性心脏病者也并不多见，尤其儿科患者是如此。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.呼吸骤停和呼吸衰竭</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">呼吸骤停指的是病人突然发生的呼吸停止，大半发生在病人已连续发病几天后的用膳及咳嗽时，也可以在轻微活动后，发生这一严重并发症前，通常病情并不太重，也没有什么预兆，因而病人大半都在家中，家属的及时救治非常重要，如果呼吸停止后</span>2～3 分钟后未恢复过来，也没有进行及时的人工呼吸等救治，则常会在送医院前继发心跳骤停而死亡，呼吸骤停的原因尚不清楚，可能与发病时的神经反射失常有关，这种并发症发生的机会虽然甚少，但发生过一次骤停的人常有第二次发生的可能，应当特别警惕！</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">呼吸衰竭的发生比呼吸骤停慢得多，多为哮喘持续状态发展到后期所并发，表现为神志的改变与明显的紫绀，应当送往医院救治。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3.气胸和纵隔气肿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">呼吸时，由于胸壁的运动，好象风箱一样，使气体能够进出肺脏，在哮喘发作时，由于小气管的阻塞，咳嗽时肺泡内压力可以更高，此时某些较薄弱的肺泡就有破裂可能，破裂的肺泡可以连接在一起形成肺大泡，也可能气体顺着肺间质跑到纵隔形成纵隔气肿，较常见的情况是气体跑到肺外的胸膜腔，造成气胸。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4.心律紊乱和休克</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">严重的哮喘持续状态，本身可以由于缺氧的影响，造成心律紊乱和休克，然而，临床上因治疗不当而发生这两种并发症的机会就更多见。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5.闭锁综合征</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">所谓哮喘的</span>“闭锁综合征”指的是近十年来临床上发现的哮喘发作，病变发作程度虽然不一定剧烈，但终日持续，对各种药物都没有什么明显效果，就好像呼吸道被“关闭”或“锁”起来了一样。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">产生闭锁综合征的主要原因是异丙基肾上腺素的使用过量，或在治疗中因心跳过快而不适当地使用了心得安。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6.胸廓畸形和肋骨骨折</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">哮喘病变中胸廓畸形相当常见，主要见于自幼得哮喘的病人或长期发病者。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肋骨骨折主要发生在剧烈发作时的咳嗽或喘息时，由于横隔的猛烈收缩而气道又有阻塞以致造成肋骨的折断。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">7.生长发育迟缓</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一般的哮喘对儿童的生长发育影响不大，可是哮喘终年发作或长期应用肾上腺皮质激素，就有可能因为缺氧或皮质激素的抑制蛋白合成等作用而对儿童的生长发育带来较大影响。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"4601","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿哮喘脱敏治疗的效果怎么样？什么情况下可以脱敏治疗","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">你好，我儿子今年7周岁了，在2008年开始的时候，在秋冬交接的时候，因为感冒引发哮喘，在当地医院做为感冒治疗，还吸过雾化，2008年犯过三次。2009年、2010年均是在秋冬交接的时候有犯过哮喘；在2009年还发现有鼻炎的症状.2010年冬天犯的时候开始按照小儿哮喘来治疗。现在一直在吸着舒利迭，喷着辅舒良，效果还可以。我们也曾经做过过敏原，对尘螨和屋尘螨过敏，医生说要做脱敏治疗，我想请问脱敏治疗的效果怎么样？什么情况下可以脱敏治疗？谢谢</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"3300","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿支气管哮喘","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">2016年9月出现喉咙好像有痰，喘息的证状，<span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">现在应该如何治疗，控制，预防</span></span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"3710","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿哮喘早期症状？","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486197898008.jpg\" title=\"1486197898008.jpg\" alt=\"jkjy_14759276404850.jpg\"/></span></strong></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;background:white;vertical-align:baseline\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333\">一、症状</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">发作时症状</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">患儿烦躁不安，出现呼吸困难，以呼气困难为著，往往不能平卧，坐位时耸肩屈背，呈端坐样呼吸困难，有时喘鸣音可传至窒外，患儿面色苍白，鼻翼扇动，口唇，指甲紫绀，甚至冷汗淋淳，面容怕恐不安，往往显示危重状态，应予积极处理。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">发病初起仅有干咳，以后即表现为喘息症状，随支气管痉挛缓解，排出粘稠白色痰液，呼吸逐渐平复，有的患儿咳嗽剧烈可致上腹部肌肉疼痛，可伴或不伴有发热，胸部体征的吸气时出现胸凹陷等三凹征，而呼气时因胸廓内压增高，在胸骨上凹及肋间隙反见凸出，同时颈静脉显著怒张，叩诊两肺呈鼓音，并有膈肌下移，心浊音界缩小，提示已发生</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">肺气肿</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">但在儿童患独，此种肺气肿体征在病情缓解时多自行消失，故称肺充气征</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，此时呼吸音减弱，全肺可闻喘鸣音及干性罗音，严重病例，尤其</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">哮喘</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">持续状态，两肺几乎吸不到呼吸音，并由于肺动脉痉挛而致右心负荷增加，以及严重低氧</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">血症</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">导致心功能衰竭。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">临床表现也随引起哮喘发作的变应原而异，由上呼吸道感染引起者，胸部常可闻干，湿罗音，并伴发热，白细胞总数增多等现象，如为吸入变应原引志者，先多伴有鼻痒，流清涕，打嚏，干咳，然后出现喘憋，对食物有高度敏感者，大都不发热，除发生哮喘症状外常有口唇及面部浮肿，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">呕吐</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，腹痛，腹泻及</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">荨麻疹</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">等症状，多于进食后数分钟出现，如对食物敏感度较轻，则发生症状比较迟缓，往往只有轻度哮喘或呼吸困难。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">发作间歇期症状</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">此时虽无呼吸困难，表现如正常儿童，但仍可自觉胸部不适，由于导致支气管易感性的病理因素依然存在，在感染或接触外界变应原时可立即触发哮喘发作，但多数患儿症状可全部消失，肺部听不到哮鸣音。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">支气管哮喘</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">患儿的痰液一般是无色粘稠而透明的，有时呈泡沫状，伴有细菌感染时痰液可转黄，痰中可查到大量嗜酸粒细胞，有时可见到夏一科氏</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(Chancot-Lyden)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">结晶，后者是嗜</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">0</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">于低分子量的多肽，多数患儿痰粘稠不易咯出，量少，特症状缓解时，则于咯出多量粘稠而泡沫的痰后呼吸困难明显改善，但在婴幼儿及学龄前儿童，痰液大部分咽下。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">3.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">慢性反复发作症状</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">哮喘本身为一慢性疾病，但有的患儿常年发作，或虽可用药物控制，但缓解期甚短，大多是由于急性发作控制不利或反复感染而发生的结果，由于长期支气管痉挛，气道阻力增加而致肺气肿，体格检查可见胸部呈桶状，前后径加大，肺底下移，心脏相对浊音界缩小，有时虽无急性发作，但活动后亦常感胸闷气急，肺部常可闻及哮央音，或经常合并感染，痰多，由炎性分泌物阻塞而发生</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">肺不张</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，大多见于右肺中叶，有的发展成</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">支气管扩张</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，大多见于右肺中叶，有的发展成支气管扩张，偶见合并</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">纵隔气肿</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">气胸</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，严重者有程度不等的心肺功能损害，甚至发生肺源性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">心脏病</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，对合并变态瓟生</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">鼻炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">的患儿，亦可发展成慢性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">鼻窦炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">中耳炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，随着病程迁延，氧代谢障碍加重，这些患儿常表现身材矮小，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">营养不良</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，驼背，往往呈类似件会面的状态。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333\">二、诊断</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">儿童哮喘诊断标准</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">全国儿童哮喘防治协作组</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1998</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">年制定的试行方案</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">婴幼儿哮喘诊断标准：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">年龄</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&lt;3</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;color:#333333\">岁，哮喘发作</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">≥3</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">次。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">发作时双肺闻及呼气相哮鸣音，呼气相延长。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">③</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">具有特应性体质，如</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">过敏</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">湿疹</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">过敏性鼻炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">等。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">④</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">父母有哮喘病等过敏性史。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">⑤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">除外其他引起喘息的疾病。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">凡具有以上</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">⑤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">条即可诊断哮喘，如喘息发作</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2 </span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">次，并具有第</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">⑤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">条，诊断为可疑哮喘或喘息性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">支气管炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，如同时具有第</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">③</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">第</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">④</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">条时，可考虑给予哮喘治疗性诊断。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">儿童哮喘诊断标准：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">年龄</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">≥3</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">岁，喘息呈反复发作者</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或可追溯与某种变应原或刺激因素有关</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">发作时双肺闻及以呼气相为主的喘鸣音，呼气相延长。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">③</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">支气管扩张剂有明显疗效。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">④</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">除外其他引起喘息，胸闷和咳嗽的疾病。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">对各年龄组疑似哮喘同时肺部有哮鸣音者，可作以下任何一项支气管扩张试验：</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">用</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">β2</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">受体激动药的气雾剂或溶液雾化吸入</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">剂量及方法参考上述支气管扩张试验</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">);</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1‰</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">肾上腺素皮下注射</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">0.01ml/kg</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，每次最大量不超过</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">0.3ml</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，在作以上任何一项试验后</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">15min</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，如果喘息明显缓解及肺部哮鸣音明显减少，或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">FEV1</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">改善</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">≥15%</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，支气管扩张试验阳性，可作哮喘诊断。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">3)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">咳嗽变异性哮喘</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(CVA)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">诊断标准：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">咳嗽持续或反复发作</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&gt;1</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">个月，常在夜间和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">清晨发作，痰少，与闻到刺激性气味，气候改变，运动等有关。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">临床无感染征象，或经较长期抗生素治疗无效。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">③</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">有个人过敏史或家族过敏史，变应原皮试阳性可辅助诊断。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">④</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">存在气道高反应性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">支气管激发试验阳性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，支气管扩张试验阳性或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">PEF</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">日变异率或周变异率</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">≥15%</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">⑤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">支气管扩张剂和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">糖皮质激素治疗可使咳嗽发作缓解</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">基本诊断条件</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">哮喘的分期及严重度分级哮喘的分期</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">哮喘病程可分为急性发作期及缓解期，哮喘急性发作是指气促，咳嗽，胸闷等症状突然发生或加重，常有呼吸困难和喘鸣，伴有呼气流量降低，缓解期系指经过治疗或未经治疗症状，体征消失，肺功能恢复到急性发作前水平，并维持</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">4</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">周以上。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">哮喘病情的评价：哮喘患者的病情评价应分为</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">个部分：</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">非急性发作期病情的总评价：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">许多哮喘患者即使就诊当时没有急性发作，但在相当长的时间内总是不同频度和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">不同程度地出现症状</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">喘息，咳嗽，胸闷</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，因此需要依据就诊前一段时间的发作频率，严重程度，需用药物和肺功能情况对其病情进行总的评价。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">当患者已经处于规范化分级治疗期间，哮喘病情严重程度分级则应根据目前的临床表现以及目前每天治疗方案的级别进行综合判断，该分级方法反映了哮喘患者对采用的治疗方案的反应情况，即反映了病情控制情况，以此对选用的治疗方案适时进行调整</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">升级或降级</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">哮喘急性发作时严重程度的评价：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">对哮喘急性发作病情严重程度作出正确评估，是给予及时有效治疗的基础，对重症哮喘的认识，是避免哮喘引起死亡的关键。</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"2032","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"儿童哮喘心理治疗效果","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">儿童哮喘是小儿的常见病多发病，引起儿童哮喘的原因有很多种，如病毒、支原体等所致呼吸道感染，天气变化、运动过度、劳累等，但是您知道吗有许多患儿的哮喘是由不良的心理因素诱发造成的。因此从这个角度来看，此病亦是一种心理性疾病。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">有的患儿在看惊险电影、电视镜头时，或解答很复杂的数学题时，会出现哮喘发作，还有的因平时受父母</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">特别是母亲</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">过分溺爱，突然受到责骂时，也会引起哮喘发作。而父母焦虑、抑郁的情绪也会影响到孩子，诱发哮喘的发作。我有一个病人，他妈妈属于特别容易精神紧张的人，由于孩子的哮喘在未得到规范化治疗前频繁发作，所以他妈妈犹如惊弓之鸟一般，在孩子正规吸药后，有一点咳嗽都要立即带到我那里，当着孩子的面不停的问我：&ldquo;于医生，喘不喘？喘不喘？&rdquo;终于，在规范化治疗四个月后，孩子的哮喘再一次发作。这次发作和他母亲极度焦虑的情绪不无关系。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　因此，家长除了对患儿进行必要的药物治疗外，切不可忽视心理治疗的作用。家长要保持一种良好平和的心态，避免焦虑的情绪影响患儿；要耐心解释，让患儿树立战胜疾病的信心</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">还要创造一个和睦的家庭环境，让孩子参加集体活动在生活与学习中尽可能培养孩子的各种兴趣，等等，这对预防、缓解和根治支气管哮喘相当重要。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7305","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">面对孩子哮喘，父母既心疼又害怕，想要根治哮喘，家长一定要认清导致孩子哮喘的原因，根据病因对症下药，及早治疗才是正道。一起来看看</span><strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿哮喘的几个</span>原因</strong>吧。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;<img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510283344453.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、尘螨</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　调查发现，</span>70%以上的儿童哮喘是由尘螨引起的，80%以上的哮喘儿童和青少年对尘螨皮肤试验呈强阳性反应。幼儿期是尘螨致敏的主要时期。尘螨以人体脱落的皮屑为主要食物来源，床铺的温度、湿度以及食物来源最适宜于屋尘螨的生长，因此床上尘土中含有较多的屋尘螨，这是尘螨过敏性哮喘容易在夜间发作的重要原因。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、皮毛纤维、花粉类</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　动物皮毛、家禽羽毛、棉花纤维、绒毛玩具、羊毛地毯等也容易诱发气道过敏性炎症，引起哮喘发作。另外，有人发现，蟑螂也可诱发哮喘。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　花粉具有明显的季节性，主要由植物的种类决定，可分为春季花粉、夏季花粉和冬季花粉。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、霉菌</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　霉菌过敏有一定的季节性，一般以</span>6～9月份为发病的高峰期，但空气中可有常年飘散的霉菌及其代谢产物，因此霉菌致敏诱发的哮喘多呈常年性发作或常年性发作季节性加重。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　4、感染</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　病毒、细菌、支原体等感染可诱发哮喘，其中病毒感染是引起气道过敏性炎症而诱发哮喘发作的主要因素。细菌感染引起哮喘不如病毒重要。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510283849698.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　5、有害气体及异味</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　日常生活中有毒有害的气体和异味是很多的，烟雾是最常见的一种，尤其是烟草的烟雾最为严重。冬季门户紧闭，烟雾不宜飘散是哮喘易在冬季发作的诱因之一。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　6、药物</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　如阿司匹林、心得安、消炎痛、青霉素、磺胺类药物、各种蛋白质制剂、血清制剂以及某些气雾剂等。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　7、食物过敏诱发哮喘</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　包括各种海鲜、如带鱼、海鱼、海虾、海蟹、贝壳类等</span>;动物蛋白，如鸡蛋、牛奶、猪肉、羊肉、牛肉等;植物蛋白，如豆制品、芝麻、花生、面粉等，另外部分热带水果，如猕猴桃、芒果、菠萝等也常常诱发哮喘。此外，饮食过甜或过咸亦可引发哮喘发作，甚至巧克力、冷饮、西红柿等也可诱发哮喘。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　食物过敏诱发的哮喘一般不是终生的，随着年龄的增长，其发病机会逐渐减少。另外，还需注意的是，有时食物因素诱发哮喘发作并非食物本身，而是由食物中的添加剂、防腐剂等所引起的。因此建议哮喘患儿尽量避免食用过多的零食。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　8、运动</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　运动可诱发不同程度的哮喘，尤其是在寒冷和干燥的空气中进行运动，吸入的空气越冷，诱发运动性哮喘的可能性越大。在湿度较大的地区中，运动诱发的哮喘相对较少。跑步运动比游泳更易诱发哮喘。大多数运动性哮喘患者在休息一小时左右症状便可缓解，症状也可随运动量的增加而加重。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510283915580.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　9、环境因素</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　哮喘作为一种慢性疾病，不仅患儿要经历病痛的折磨，家庭还要负担一定的经济支出，倾注更多的精力来照顾患儿，压力不小，患儿容易产生恐惧、忧郁、紧张、厌烦等不良情绪，可能导致哮喘的发作或加重。此外，家庭和社会环境的不良刺激，如家庭不和、父母离异、经济困难、不良饮食和卫生习惯、吸烟家庭、也可诱发或加重哮喘的发作。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　10、遗传因素</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span 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