{"nowTime30":1787642813623,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"　随着社会时代的发展，人们生活水平的提高，对于物质生活要求越来越高的今天，在一些繁忙的工作中，往往很容易忽视自身的健康问题，尤其是视网膜细胞瘤的发生，视网膜母细胞瘤早期发病较为隐匿，很容易被误诊为其他疾病，随着病情的加深，待出现明细不适的时候，病情往往已经进展到中晚期，较为严重，为此，不少朋友询问视","keywords":"如何快速鉴别与诊断视网膜母细胞瘤_洞医","title":"如何快速鉴别与诊断视网膜母细胞瘤_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"84549cea2b2c11e7a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1493285585673,"createBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"柠檬茶","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","realName":"sdfg","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"sdfgsfg","email":"sdfgsfg","hospitalId":"2fde97e0453011e69d4700163e005165","departmentId":"2058","illName":"","illId":"4055b07abadb11e6a61c00163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1493285701754.png","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"骨科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1782","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430773520,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"视网膜母细胞瘤","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"4c8c5888badb11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:视网膜母细胞瘤论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛\",\"title\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:视网膜母细胞瘤的治疗方法_视网膜母细胞瘤怎么治疗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤的治疗方法_视网膜母细胞瘤怎么治疗\",\"title\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤的治疗方法_视网膜母细胞瘤怎么治疗\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:视网膜母细胞瘤的前兆_小儿视网膜母细胞瘤的症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤的前兆_小儿视网膜母细胞瘤的症状\",\"title\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤的前兆_小儿视网膜母细胞瘤的症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:视网膜母细胞瘤的危害_视网膜母细胞瘤的后遗症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤的危害_视网膜母细胞瘤的后遗症\",\"title\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤的危害_视网膜母细胞瘤的后遗症\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:视网膜母细胞瘤吃什么好_视网膜母细胞瘤饮食禁忌等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤吃什么好_视网膜母细胞瘤饮食禁忌\",\"title\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤吃什么好_视网膜母细胞瘤饮食禁忌\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:怎么会视网膜母细胞瘤_视网膜母细胞瘤怎么引起的_视网膜母细胞瘤是什么等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"怎么会视网膜母细胞瘤_视网膜母细胞瘤怎么引起的_视网膜母细胞瘤是什么\",\"title\":\"怎么会视网膜母细胞瘤_视网膜母细胞瘤怎么引起的_视网膜母细胞瘤是什么\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:视网膜母细胞瘤会痛吗_视网膜母细胞瘤生存率_视网膜母细胞瘤自愈等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤会痛吗_视网膜母细胞瘤生存率_视网膜母细胞瘤自愈\",\"title\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤会痛吗_视网膜母细胞瘤生存率_视网膜母细胞瘤自愈\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:视网膜母细胞瘤怎么预防_预防视网膜母细胞瘤的方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤怎么预防_预防视网膜母细胞瘤的方法\",\"title\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤怎么预防_预防视网膜母细胞瘤的方法\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:视网膜母细胞瘤原因_视网膜母细胞瘤症状_视网膜母细胞瘤治疗_视网膜母细胞瘤病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤原因_视网膜母细胞瘤症状_视网膜母细胞瘤治疗\",\"title\":\"视网膜母细胞瘤原因_视网膜母细胞瘤症状_视网膜母细胞瘤治疗\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"3826","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小心：宝宝眼睛也长癌","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　视网膜母细胞瘤是婴幼儿时期最常见的眼内恶性肿瘤，可单眼、双眼先后或同时发生，恶性程度极高，如果不治疗或治疗不及时，不仅严重损害视力，还常因肿瘤颅内或远处转移导致死亡。 但若治疗及时，存活率相当高，在美国已达到95%。我国的存活率虽不及发达国家，随着诊治水平的提高也在大幅度增加。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　早期症状</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1. 患儿早期即出现视力减退或丧失，斜视，瞳孔散大，眼球震颤或眼睛不能凝视某一点等。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2. 许多患儿表现为“白瞳症”。患儿早期瞳孔中可映出一丝黄色或白色反光，如夜间发出荧光的猫眼。肿瘤继续增长，瞳孔内可出现黄白色肿块。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3. 肿瘤增长使眼内压增高，导致继发性青光眼，患儿可表现为眼球增大、眼球突出、怕光、流泪、眼痛、头痛、易啼哭。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　注意到这些情况后，爸妈应当及时带宝宝至医院就诊。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　治疗方法</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　治疗方法因人而异，应全面综合地考虑患儿的具体情况。治疗的首要目标是挽救生命，其次才是保留眼球，然后再考虑保存有用视力。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　若肿瘤较小，可采用放射、激光、冷冻治疗等方法;而对于病情高度进展、患眼已无希望恢复有用视力等情况的患者，眼球摘除是恰当的选择，部分患者甚至手术后还需要进行放疗、化疗的综合治疗。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　随访检查很重要</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　视网膜母细胞瘤的发生是由不同起源、不同方式的基因突变导致的，可分为遗传型和非遗传型。遗传型大多双眼发病，且在痊愈后，在生命的中后期发生其他部位的恶性肿瘤(称第二恶性肿瘤)的危险性也会显著增加。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　不论采取何种治疗方式，随访检查都是十分重要的。检查间隔可根据个体情况制定，一般至少每3-6个月检查一次，持续5年。需要注意的是，1岁以内的患儿双眼发生率高，应每月检查健眼一次，同时还要做遗传学检查。有家族史的宝宝更加需要注意随访。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　对于该病早期发现尤为重要，可以争取早期诊断和治疗，提高警惕，还可以在随访过程中及时发现病情变化。这不仅是提高治愈率、降低死亡率的关键，也是能否保住眼球、保住视力的关键。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">&nbsp;</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"2094","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"视网膜母细胞瘤的护理措施","content":"<p class=\"w_articlep1\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 11px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: ����, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">现在很多患有视网膜母细胞瘤的患者，主要就是由于平时的饮食不太注意，喜欢吃一些咸度很高的食物，特别是喜欢吃一些腌制的食品，慢慢的就会产生视网膜母细胞瘤的症状出现。所以要想很好的缓解一下视网膜母细胞瘤的症状，已经很好地缓解一下视网膜母细胞瘤所带来的一些痛苦，一定要及时的改善平时的饮食习惯，这点是非常重要的。</p>\n<p class=\"w_articlep1\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 11px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: ����, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: ΢���ź�; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-align: center; background-color: #f98f8f;\">步骤/方法：</span></p>\n<h3 class=\"w_articleh1\" style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 25px 0px 0px; height: 28px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: ΢���ź�; text-align: center; font-weight: normal; color: #ffffff; position: relative; float: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #f98f8f;\">&nbsp;</h3>\n<p class=\"w_articlep2\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 28px; padding-top: 17px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: ����, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"display: block; font-size: 17px; color: #ffffff; width: 25px; text-align: center; height: 26px; line-height: 26px; float: left; margin-right: 14px; background-image: url('/ly-admin/img/w_bg.png'); background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: -25px -2px; background-repeat: no-repeat;\">1</span>如果有时候感觉到自己眼睛看不清东西，或者眼睛有一些刺痛的感觉的话，一定要及时的去医院进行治疗，因为这样很有可能是视网膜母细胞瘤发作，所以对于患者来说一定要及时的去医院</p>\n<p><span class=\"w_imgspan\" style=\"display: block; max-width: 600px; margin: 20px auto 0px; color: #333333; font-family: ����, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px;\">要想很好的缓解一下视网膜母细胞瘤的症状，一定要控制一下平时的饮食，千万不能再去吃一些咸度过高的食物，也不要去吃一些特别重口味的食物，比如说一些辛辣刺激的川菜，千万不要去吃的。</span><br /></span></p>\n<p class=\"w_articlep2\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 28px; padding-top: 17px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: ����, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"display: block; font-size: 17px; color: #ffffff; width: 25px; text-align: center; height: 26px; line-height: 26px; float: left; margin-right: 14px; background-image: url('/ly-admin/img/w_bg.png'); background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: -25px -2px; background-repeat: no-repeat;\">3</span>那么对于患有视网膜母细胞瘤的患者，应该吃一些什么食物呢？最主要还是要吃一些比较清淡的食物，比如说一些粥类对于患有视网膜母细胞瘤的患者是非常好的，能够很有效的缓解一下症状。</p>\n<h3 class=\"w_articleh2\" style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 25px 0px 0px; height: 28px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: ΢���ź�; text-align: center; font-weight: normal; color: #ffffff; position: relative; float: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #f98f8f;\">注意事项：</h3>\n<p class=\"w_articlep2 w_articlep3\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 28px; padding-top: 17px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: ����, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">以要想很好的缓解一下视网膜母细胞瘤的症状，饮食上面是非常需要控制的，那就是一定要吃一些比较有营养的食物，比如说一些蔬菜或者一些水果。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"8238","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"视网膜母细胞瘤会引起什么并发症","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">视网膜母细胞瘤是小儿最常见的眼内肿瘤，多见于婴幼儿，</span>2/3在3岁以下，5岁以上者少于5%，此瘤不仅危害患儿视力，更威胁患儿生命。视网膜母细胞瘤虽然常发生坏死，却很少引起炎症。视网膜母细胞瘤这是一种起源于胚胎视网膜细胞的恶性肿瘤，具有家族性和遗传性倾向。Ⅲ期：预后不定，病变位于中纬线之前;单发肿瘤大于10盘直径，位于中纬线之后。A超在玻璃体平段内出现病理回声不等的波峰，通常与眼球壁相连接，重度病例病理波峰可占据全部玻璃体腔，不同部位声衰减不一致。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">那么</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">视网膜母细胞瘤会引起什么并发症</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511590540997.jpg\" title=\"视网膜母细胞瘤会引起什么并发症\" alt=\"视网膜母细胞瘤会引起什么并发症\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、视力 ：双眼病变患儿，视力恢复程度取决于肿瘤范围和治疗效果。肿瘤较小且未累及中心凹（视神经集中出眼球的部位）时，视力较好。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">单眼病变的患儿，对侧健康眼的视力情况很好，</span>3 年后也很少发生肿瘤。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、听力 ：接受卡铂（化疗药物）治疗的患儿有可能出现听力损失，需要长期听力检测随访。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、发生第二种恶性肿瘤：遗传型患者在初始治疗后 50 年，发生第二种恶性肿瘤的风险是 35%～40%。在 1 岁前接受放疗的患者，这一风险比 1 岁后接受放疗或未进行放疗的患者明显增高。患者不要吸烟，以及避免暴露于其他损害 DNA 的物质。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"3644","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"经检查考虑为视网膜母细胞瘤","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">那个亮点大概比绿豆小一点。晚上在灯光照射下很容易看见，白天看不到。距离最初发现大概有2个月了，因为不知道这种病，所以没引起重视。也没什么症状，就是喜欢用头撞大人。不知道是不是这个引起的。</span></p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"3880","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"一岁六个月的女宝右眼视网膜母细胞瘤 能保住眼睛吗","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">女,1岁6个月。还在会诊阶段 看是否能保眼进行治疗</span></p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"1099","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"视网膜母细胞瘤的诊断依据","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">诊断依据：<br />1.小儿出现斜视，眼底检查发现大小不等的瘤结节。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">2.白瞳或黄瞳（黑朦性猫眼）。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">3.瞳孔散大，眼压增高，玻璃体内黄色反光，继发青光眼。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">4.眼外及全身转移。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">5.ｘ－线摄影、ｂ超、ｃｔ、核磁共振等检查可为临床提供依据。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">6.术后病理检查可最后确诊。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"4044","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"“扎根”孩子眼中的肿瘤","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; “在婴幼儿病中，除白血病外，有一种肿瘤最常见、危害性最大，它发生于视网膜核层，叫视网膜母细胞瘤。”中山大学附属眼科医院眼眶病与眼肿瘤科颜建华副教授介绍，此类疾病排在发病率及危害榜第二位，仅次于白血病，不容轻视。据了解，视网膜母细胞瘤具有很明显的家族遗传倾向，多发生于3岁以下儿童，单眼、双眼先后或同时患病，发病后如不治疗则一两年内孩子会死亡。然而，现实中有很多家长不能接受摘除眼球的治疗方式，导致孩子付出生命;部分孩子完全因为遗传致病，但家长仍抱侥幸心理执意生第二胎，结果第二胎也患同样的病。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　视网膜母细胞瘤没有良性</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　视网膜母细胞瘤是起源于视网膜的胚胎性的眼内恶性肿瘤。病因不明，但与遗传、染色体畸变、病毒感染等有关。患者90%为3岁以下婴儿，少数发生于大龄儿童，偶然也有成人发病，该病并没有种族和性别差异。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><br/>　　颜建华介绍，此病更多为单眼发病，约占70%，双眼同时或先后发病者约为30%。双眼发病者100%是遗传所致，而单眼患者中的10%～15%多具有遗传性，常属染色体显性遗传，外显率不全，故表面正常，带有致病基因的父母未必发病，但可以生育患病的子女。总的来说，视网膜母细胞瘤中遗传和非遗传占所有发病人群的30%～40%和60%～70%。染色体研究也证明部分患者有染色体的异常，发现13号染色体长臂缺失或基因突变。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　“自发退变”率，全身肿瘤之最</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　“视网膜母细胞瘤百分之百是恶性肿瘤，没有良性的可能。”颜建华说，这就是该病残酷特点之一。与此同时，它的“自发退变”率也是全身肿瘤里最高的。所谓“自发退变”对于疾病是“利好”消息，即可以自己自然痊愈。但该病自己痊愈是要付出重大代价的，即以眼球萎缩、发炎等为代价下的不治而愈。患者家长不要随便妄想孩子“不治而愈”，因为其“自发退变”虽然最高，但也只占发病人群的5%，而且带有“不定性”，另外，就算可以自行消退，有的消退后瘤细胞仍有残留，几年后又会复发和转移。所以，一发病就应该立即就医。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　根据肿瘤的发展过程，视网膜母细胞瘤在临床上分为4期——眼内生长期、青光眼期、眼外蔓延期和全身转移期。然而肿瘤的发展与发生部位、瘤细胞的分化程度等有关，临床表现极不规律。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1、眼内生长期：开始在眼内生长时外眼正常，因患儿年龄小，不能自述有无视力障碍，因此本病早期一般不易被家长发现。当肿瘤增殖突入到玻璃体或接近晶体时，瞳孔区将出现黄光反射，故称黑蒙性猫眼，此时常因视力障碍而瞳孔散大、白瞳症或斜视而被家长发现。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2、青光眼期：由于肿瘤逐渐生长、体积增大，眼内容物增加，使眼压升高，引起继发性青光眼，出现眼痛、头痛、恶心、呕吐、眼红等。儿童眼球壁弹性较大，长期的高眼压可使球壁扩张，眼球膨胀，形成特殊的所谓“牛眼”外观、大角膜、角巩膜葡萄肿等，所以应与先天性青光眼等眼病区别开来。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3、眼外期：</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　(1)最早发生的是瘤细胞沿视神经向颅内蔓延，由于瘤组织的侵蚀使视神经变粗，如果破坏了视神经孔骨质则出现视神经孔扩大，但在x光片上即使视神经孔大小正常，也不能排除眼球后及颅内转移的可能性。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　(2)肿瘤穿破巩膜进入眶内，导致眼球突出;也可向前引起角膜葡萄肿或穿破角膜在眼球外生长，甚至可突出于睑裂之外，生长成巨大肿瘤。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　4、全身转移期：转移可发生于任何一期，例如发生于视神经乳头附近之肿瘤，即使体积很小，也可能危及生命。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　孩子白瞳为何似“猫眼”</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　颜建华介绍，该病在眼内期最常见的临床表现是婴幼儿如猫眼般白瞳，即视力丧失，瞳孔区黄白色反光，如同猫眼一样。如果是视网膜母细胞瘤引起的白瞳，在眼底检查时可发现：玻璃体混浊，肿瘤最常见于后极部偏下方，为圆形或椭圆形，边界清楚，大小不一的黄色或白色的隆起结节，表面不平，有新生血管。玻璃体内可见大小不一的白色成团的玻璃体混浊，或假性前房积脓。此时，视网膜出现局限性黄白色的隆起，表面有新生血管，有一灶或多灶，新生血管会逐渐增长，汇集成块，突入玻璃体内。晶状体、虹膜前移，引起继发性青光眼。“如果孩子头痛，结膜充血，角膜混浊，眼压增高，肿瘤可能已经沿着视神经向颅内发展。”专家称，只要肿瘤向前穿破角膜和巩膜就会增长较快，此时表现为出血、溃疡、结痂、恶臭、因脑侵犯或血行转移死亡。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　“此病一般发作在3岁以下的婴幼儿身上。”专家称，早期瘤体小，无明显症状。当肿瘤增大到一定程度，会出现斜视，瞳孔区有黄光反射、瞳孔散大等症状。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　该病与先天性白内障难区别</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　据了解，婴幼儿“白瞳”除见于视网膜母细胞瘤早期之外，还可能见于其他眼内病，如先天性白内障、渗出性视网膜炎、玻璃体脓肿、永存性原始玻璃体增生、晶状体后纤维增生症等疾病在临床上都可能有类似表现，家长很难区分，如果做超声图则有明显区别。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　先天性白内障为双眼晶状体混浊，眼的其他部位正常，声像图多为正常所见，或晶状体内弱回声光点;玻璃体脓肿是继发于全身感染，脓毒性栓子迁徙眼内，引起眼内炎，脓性渗出物积存于玻璃体内。声像图可见玻璃体暗区内散在的弱回声光点或光斑，眼球外常有透声间隙;渗出性视网膜炎为视网膜外层血管渗出性病变，声像图显示玻璃体内与眼球壁之间有许多弱光点。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　听说摘除眼球家长纷纷打退堂鼓</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　“其实视网膜母细胞瘤的治愈率高达80%～90%，是治愈率最高的肿瘤。但它的代价往往是摘除眼球，不少家长一听就逃避、放弃了，而最终结果是导致孩子死亡。”颜建华说，此病一旦发现就得马上治疗，尽量将肿瘤控制在眼球以内，只要在眼内期和青光眼期都还比较容易治疗，因为有眼壁间隔，肿瘤没有四处蔓延，所以只有摘除眼球才能去除肿瘤，而且复发较少。如果拖延时间，等病情发展到眼外期或转移期，则可能要做眼眶内容物剜除，如果疾病发展迅速，就连摘眼球都来不及，极有可能带来死亡。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　“孩子一般发现得病时才一两岁，家长难以接受摘除眼球可以理解，医生也不愿意摘除孩子的眼球，因此整个肿瘤治疗都是在尽可能局部保留器官和功能的情况下严格控制肿瘤，虽然90%的孩子可能被摘眼球，但这是保障生命最好的方式。”颜建华说，一般摘除眼球后大部分孩子会安装义眼，这样心理障碍相对不大，如果到了发病晚期，需要挖除眼眶而导致面部有骨头露出，面容会很难看，而且更易复发，比单纯摘除眼球复发率增加50%以上。复发后得再动手术和接受放疗，孩子的身体难以承受这种痛苦，伴随而来的还有巨额经济费用。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　孩子患病不摘眼球能活多久?颜建华称，通常一两年之内会死亡，因为肿瘤发展迅速，容易全身转移而死亡。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　明知遗传还要生第二胎</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　“如果孩子双眼都有这种肿瘤，那必是遗传无疑。”颜建华感叹，不少家长自己也摘除了眼球，一个孩子已经患双眼视网膜母细胞瘤，但他们还是抱着侥幸心理生第二胎。其实，只要父母双方中有一方患有此病，遗传几率就高达40%以上。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　颜建华清楚记得，“曾经有一对夫妻，生出来的头胎双眼都有肿瘤，他们询问能否再生一个健康孩子，我说孩子的病完全是遗传所致，再生一个也同样会得病。谁知他们不相信，又生育了一个孩子，结果第二个孩子刚出生15天就被检查出得了同样的病，最后两个孩子都死亡了。”</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　“不少家长因为已经有孩子患病，想再生一胎，于是找我们开证明，这是不可以的。”颜建华解释，“国家有政策规定，有家族遗传病不能生第二胎，而此类显性遗传疾病又是恶性肿瘤，更属于遗传病里很重的疾病。有这样一个孩子的家庭，往往会被拖垮。如果父母双方有一方患此病，他们生下来的孩子得病几率很高，即使这个孩子能存活、成家，他的子女也可能得病。”医生建议，如果有视网膜母细胞瘤的明显家族史，在是否生育的问题上一定要慎重考虑;如果已经有孩子患病，最好不要冒风险再生第二胎。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　单眼患病者放弃治疗</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　“这个月我已经遇到三个双眼都患病的儿童，确诊后就再也没来治疗。”颜建华说，对于双眼同时患该病的儿童，其家长多数选择放弃治疗，因为一般都病情较严重，但对于单眼患病者，专家警告：一定不能放弃治疗!</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　颜建华解释，两只眼睛如果同时摘除，导致双目失明，确实对孩子将来的教育、就业带来很多困难，所以不少家长经过多方考虑后决定放弃治疗，医生也可以理解。但是如果连单眼患病者都放弃治疗则无疑是很遗憾的。因为单眼的治愈效果达到80%～90%，手术后大多数患者能活到成年以后，而且仅有一只眼睛对视力的影响并不大。因此，单眼患病者不应该随便放弃治疗。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　不摘眼球控制肿瘤在尝试中</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　据了解，手术疗法仍是目前较好的治疗方法，但越来越多的临床方法正在被应用，目的是为了尽可能实现在不摘眼球的前提下也能控制肿瘤，如放射疗法、冷冻疗法、光凝疗法、化学疗法、光动力疗法、免疫疗法等。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"8236","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"视网膜母细胞瘤发病原因","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">视网膜母细胞瘤是小儿最常见的眼内肿瘤，多见于婴幼儿，</span>2/3在3岁以下，5岁以上者少于5%，此瘤不仅危害患儿视力，更威胁患儿生命。视网膜母细胞瘤虽然常发生坏死，却很少引起炎症。视网膜母细胞瘤这是一种起源于胚胎视网膜细胞的恶性肿瘤，具有家族性和遗传性倾向。Ⅲ期：预后不定，病变位于中纬线之前;单发肿瘤大于10盘直径，位于中纬线之后。A超在玻璃体平段内出现病理回声不等的波峰，通常与眼球壁相连接，重度病例病理波峰可占据全部玻璃体腔，不同部位声衰减不一致。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">那么</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">视网膜母细胞瘤发病原因</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">有哪些</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">：</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511590389991.jpg\" title=\"视网膜母细胞瘤发病原因\" alt=\"视网膜母细胞瘤发病原因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、遗传因素</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">约</span>40%的病例属于遗传型，是由患病或基因携带者父母遗传所致，或正常父母生殖细胞突变所致，为常染色体显性遗传。这类患者发病早，约85%为双眼发病，有多个病灶，易发生第2恶性肿瘤。约15%为单眼发病，其原因可能是视网膜母细胞瘤基因外显不全。一般公认本病外显率为90%左右。临床上将双眼视网膜母细胞瘤、有家族史的单眼视网膜母细胞瘤或多病灶的单眼视网膜母细胞瘤归入遗传型。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、染色体畸变</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">少数遗传型病例</span>(约5%)有体细胞染色体畸变。主要表现为周围血淋巴细胞中存在13号染色体长臂中间缺失。不同的病例缺失节段长短不同，但均累及13号染色体长臂1区4带(13q14)，经高分辨染色体显带确定最小的缺失节段为13q14.2。这类患者除视网膜母细胞瘤外，依其染色体缺失节段大小不同，常伴有轻重不等的全身异常。主要表现为智力低下和发育迟滞，还可出现小头畸形、多指畸形及先天性心脏病。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、病毒感染</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">病毒在人体寄生繁殖，并能致病的病毒引起的本病。主要表现有发热、头痛、全身不适等全身中毒症状及病毒寄主和侵袭眼部组织器官导致炎症损伤而引起的局部症状。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、细胞突变</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">其发病系患者视网膜母细胞发生突变所致，不遗传，发病较迟，多为单眼发病，单个病灶，不易发生第</span>2恶性肿瘤。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"3805","isDel":0,"createAt":1486617750684,"createBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"柠檬茶","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"如何快速鉴别与诊断视网膜母细胞瘤","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　随着社会时代的发展，人们生活水平的提高，对于物质生活要求越来越高的今天，在一些繁忙的工作中，往往很容易忽视自身的健康问题，尤其是视网膜细胞瘤的发生，视网膜母细胞瘤早期发病较为隐匿，很容易被误诊为其他疾病，随着病情的加深，待出现明细不适的时候，病情往往已经进展到中晚期，较为严重，为此，不少朋友询问视网膜母细胞瘤诊断鉴别的问题，视网膜母细胞瘤诊断鉴别该从何开始呢？</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　视网膜母细胞瘤是全身疾病的局部表现，是一种会对患者生命构成威胁的疾病，早期发病隐匿，易与转移性眼内炎、视网膜母细胞瘤与寇次（coats）病相混淆：</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1、转移性眼内炎：转移性内眼炎发展到一定阶段后，可因玻璃体脓肿的存在而在瞳孔中呈现黄色反射，足以混淆视网膜母细胞瘤的诊断。由于此二病在幼童中都是比较常见的眼病，两者鉴别就更有必要。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2、视网膜母细胞瘤与寇次（coats）病的鉴别诊断：寇次（coats）病的根本性质是视网膜外层出血合并渗出性改变。虽有局限性增殖，甚至形成隆起或导致视网膜脱离。但病程缓慢，病变范围较为广泛，灰白色渗出物分布在视网膜血管之后。除渗出物外，还可见出血斑和光亮小点（胆固醇结晶体）沉着。血管尤其静脉显示扩张、扭转、纡曲，并有微血管瘤。病变常为进行性，新旧渗出物可交替出现，出血如果进入玻璃体，可形成增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变。本病患者年龄较在，多在6岁以上，且为青年男性，单眼受累。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1782","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1064,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486617750685,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486617750684,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"userAllInfo":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":null,"password":null,"level":0,"nickName":null,"realName":null,"signName":null,"head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":0,"userType":0,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":0,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":0,"forumUser":{"id":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485158098983,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"柠檬茶","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"柠檬茶","realName":null,"signName":"柠檬茶，我最爱","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1485160807561.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"forumUserActiveInfo":{"id":"3cc55c11e14111e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":1703917542788,"updateBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"柠檬茶","userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","topicCount":961,"replayCount":26,"favorteCount":0,"beFavorteCount":0,"creamCount":0,"focusCount":0,"fansCount":0,"integralCount":1464,"foodCouponCount":0,"lastLoginTime":0,"lastLoginIp":null,"downloadCount":0,"uploadCount":0},"newPass":null,"focusBar":null,"counter":null,"forumUserIdentificateDto":null},"theme":{"id":"1028","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"topicTypeId":"1","topicTypeName":"资讯","themeName":"治疗","barType":"102","schemaName":2,"reward":0},"page":1,"favorties":true,"isSelf":false,"order":"asc"}