\n
尿道下裂在手术过后一定要注意做好保健工作，如果保健工作不到位的话不仅仅会可能造成感染还有可能会导致整个手术的失败所以术后的保健工作是非常重要的，尿道下裂这样的疾病属于一种先天性疾病，疾病发生之后严重影响患者健康影响孩子的健康成长，所以对于这样的疾病应当及早进行手术治疗，但是在手术后要重视做好下面的保健护理措施。一起来看小编的详细介绍。
\n尿道下裂术后如何保健：
\n1.并发症的预防：为了预防伤口感染，应保持伤口敷料干燥，完整。病人年幼，自控能力差时，要有专人守护，防止抓脱伤口敷料，造成污染，如伤口敷料被尿液浸湿，应及时告知医护人员更换敷料;术后留置尿管，起尿液引流和尿道支持作用，防止尿道狭窄，使修补的尿道不受尿液的浸湿，引起感染，活动时应妥善固定，防止导尿管脱出，不随意拔除导尿管。
\n2.肛门排气后进流质饮食，直到伤口愈合才改为半流质饮食至普食，其目的是为了减少粪便形成，防止污染伤口影响其愈合。
\n3.术后口服药物，其目的是防止阴茎勃起而造成伤口疼痛和出血，服药时可能出现呕吐和食欲不振等不良反应，一般停药后，反应会随之消失。如呕吐频繁应告诉医护人员处理。
\n最后一点是，患者还要注意体位的正确性，全麻未醒前平卧，头偏向一侧，有利于口腔分泌物，呕吐物流出，防止引起误吸和窒息。
\n2术后护理
\n2.1麻醉未醒前将患儿平卧位，头偏向一侧，以防呕吐物误吸。麻醉完全清醒后可半卧位。固定好膀胱造瘘管，防止牵拉、折叠，脱落。保持创口区域清洁，局部用离背架保护并铺无菌单，保持局部敷料清洁干燥。注意观察阴茎头颜色，防止由于阴茎包扎过紧影响血运，造成阴茎坏死。观察尿量及颜色，是否有液体量不足及活动性出血。
\n2.2伤口换药切口敷料的使用，目的是固定阴茎，减少水肿，防止血肿，保护伤口。选择硅胶泡沫最佳，也可用吸水性好的纱布。包扎方式:术后2～3天内，伤口易出现渗血，一般采用无菌敷料包扎，以防止伤口出血，手术后2～3天后，伤口渗血期一般已度过，可解除包扎。根据情况采用暴露或无菌敷料保护伤口。敷料更换:膀胱造瘘管口2～3天更换一次敷料，对渗血较多者，酌情增加换药次数，阴茎切口打开包扎后，表面涂抗生素药液，以利其干燥愈合。
\n术采用可吸收线，吸收期在14天左右，不必拆线。
\n2.3引流管、造瘘管、支架管的护理为防止血肿形成，部分患儿常常于阴茎两侧放置引流条，术后要妥善保护，防止脱出或逆行感染，经常检查引流条情况，注意消毒。一般术后1～2天后无出血可拔除引流条。保护好膀胱造瘘管，保持通畅，防止脱出及逆行感染，每天用庆大霉素加生理盐水冲洗造瘘管。成形尿道内留置支架管，为防止堵塞，减少刺激，可用带侧孔的支架管插至膀胱，保留5～10天。
\n2.4伤口疼痛及便秘的处理一般患儿术后采用PECA(硬膜外自动镇痛)，患儿多以表情和语言表达疼痛，需护士按时给药，并注意监护，以防止发生呼吸抑制。2～3天后，局部反应减轻，水肿消退，伤口疼痛明显减轻，在安静时不会感到疼痛，则不再给予PECA。患儿术后卧床可引起便秘而导致阴茎切口出血，故术前用2%肥皂水灌肠，术后给缓泻药。对青春期患儿，为防止阴茎勃起引起渗血，疼痛，应给予雌激素。
\n关于尿道下裂疾病患者术后保健护理措施就为大家介绍到这里，希望我们能够认真的去了解一下，尿道下裂疾病一旦发生我们只有正确治疗和护理，才能够早一些的康复，避免疾病的发生给我们的患者带来太多的影响。
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\n
作为一种多见于先天性因素引起的男性生殖健康畸形疾病，如今很多新生儿在出生后不久都会被发现患病，而想要有效的矫正这些生殖部位的异常情况，往往是需要借助手术等情况来的。那么一般尿道下裂术后有哪些注意事项呢?
\n尿道下裂是一种对患者身心都有着巨大伤害的疾病，如没有得到及时有效的治疗，不仅会严重影响患者排尿，更会让患者背上沉重的思想包袱，甚至于长时间陷入自卑的泥沼之中，久而久之对患者今后的生活也是不小的影响。
\n术前进行消毒。由于手术后不加以重视可能使得过程中给患者造成感染等情况，因此为了避免这样的危害产生，提醒患者在术前3天需要每天用肥皂水清洗会阴部，以做好手术前的一些消毒准备工作。
\n确定尿道位置。由于本病的典型表现就在于患者的尿道口位置的异常，因此为了帮助手术的顺利进行，需要详细检查尿道口位置，正确估计阴茎伸直术后尿道口回缩的位置，同时测量包皮、阴茎及阴囊皮肤是否可以利用。
\n严格控制感染。由于手术的部位是比较特殊的，如果手术后的准备工作不重视，很可能造成尿路感染等情况，尤其是已经存在感染情况的患者，更应该注重术前必须严格控制感染。
\n先发育后手术。阴茎过小者，适当应用男性激素治疗，待阴茎发育后，再行手术。
\n总之术后大家首先要确定尿道重建手术的成功，要关注疾病愈后的其他症状，比如出现尿瘘 和挛缩致尿道狭窄等症状。一般说来只要这些方面恢复良好的话对患者的影响就不会很大，因此不需要过多的担心。
\n关于“尿道下裂术后有哪些注意事项”就到这里，如果发现自己患有该病，就要及时进行治疗，避免病情加重，或是传染伴侣。
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我是9月末发现的尿路感染，在医大一院做的化验，当时是3个+白细胞，医生嘱我吃热淋清，在妇科做了检查，有外阴炎，起初症状是洗澡后，第一次排尿外阴像撒盐的感觉，再排尿就没事儿了，后来来月经感觉更重了，排尿后尿道口非常不舒服，才到医院检查的。经过口服一周的热淋清没有好，再次复查，尿常规，没有好。自己在家口服三天诺氟沙星，再次检查还是没有好。静点头孢三嗪6天，没有效果，感觉排尿时尿道有刺激感，大夫让做一个尿培养，是大肠埃希菌，静点哌拉西林阿莫西林，一周，静点过程中仍有症状，这期间在网上咨询陈善闻医生，让吃希舒美，吃了四天后再次复查，尿常规仍有白细胞10个。再次做尿培养，还是大肠埃希菌，又用了10天的头孢哌酮，检查正常。但要排尿时仍感觉不舒服，排后还行，停药后大约三个星期再次检查，正常，后又查了一次，有白细胞，或是没有，一般中段尿较好。1月21日查尿常规，白细胞满视野，红细胞5个，外阴小阴唇肿了，很痛。感染。后来外敷药好了。反复感染，不知道本身尿路原因（做了泌尿系彩超正常），还是外阴炎的原因，昨天到医大一复查，发现尿里有蛋白。严重么？该怎么治疗，谢谢。
","barId":"1682","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"2827","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"会阴型尿道下裂","content":"我家小孩现在一岁半多了 会阴型尿道下裂 现在可以做尿道重建吗
","barId":"1682","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"2230","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"尿道下裂患者会有什么症状","content":"\n
尿道下裂顾名思义就是尿道口有裂口，但是我们要根据哪些症状开确诊是否是真正的尿道下裂呢，尿道下裂属于男性先天性缺陷，一般在婴儿降生后就能第一时间发现，产生的原因与孕妇在怀孕期间的环境因素及内分泌因素有关，那么尿道下裂患者会有什么样的症状表现呢！下面我们就这一问题向大家详细介绍一下，希望能给患儿家属提供相应的帮助。
\n很多人或许都没有听说过尿道下裂这种疾病吧?专家介绍，其实尿道下裂近几年来在我国的发病率是比较高的，一般在新生儿中是最常见的，患上之后对患者的影响比较大，但是很多人都不知道尿道下裂具体会有哪些症状表现，为此我们一起看看下文专家的详细介绍。
\n专家表示，尿道下裂的症状：
\n1.阴茎头型 尿道口位于冠状沟腹侧，常呈裂隙状，有的可并发尿道狭窄，背侧包皮长，腹侧无包皮及系带，阴茎头裸露，较细小且稍扁宽，呈球状，阴茎向腹侧弯曲，但程度较轻，多不影响性交及排尿。
\n2.阴茎型 尿道口位于冠状沟至阴茎阴囊交界处的任何部位的腹侧，尿道口远侧端的尿道板分开，不形成管状，阴茎向腹侧弯曲，尿道口愈靠近侧弯曲愈严重，影响性交及排尿，也影响生育，阴茎头及包皮形状与阴茎头型尿道下裂相同。
\n3.阴茎阴囊型 尿道口位于阴囊的正中线上，阴囊常呈分裂状似女性大阴唇，尿道口远端形成纤维索，阴茎弯曲严重，需蹲位排尿，阴茎短小而扁平，有的甚似女性阴蒂，有的睾丸未降入分裂的阴囊或形成阴茎阴囊转位。
\n4.会阴型 尿道口位于会阴部，阴囊分裂，发育不全，可合并隐睾，阴茎小而弯曲，极似肥大的阴蒂，整个生殖器发育似女性外阴，以致被不少父母误认为女性，需蹲位排尿。
\n专家温馨提示：上述就是专家介绍的关于“尿道下裂患者会有什么症状”的详细内容，希望通过上述内容的阅读，对于人们了解尿道下裂这种疾病有所帮助，如果发现患有尿道下裂应该及时到正规的医院就诊检查，避免病情加重，增加治疗难度。
\n至少上面的介绍我们了解了尿道下裂患者的症状表现，孩子出现先天性缺陷不仅给孩子的身体带来伤害，同时也是爸爸妈妈的心理负担，总会有这样那样的顾虑，但这并不是放弃孩子治疗的合理理由，尿道下裂并不是十分可怕的疾病，相信我们的医疗技术一定会还你一个健康宝宝的。
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\n
任何手术都有失败的可能，所以患者在进行手术前考虑的问题就是它的成功率有多少。尿道下裂手术本就是一门要求极高的精细活，且术后并发症的出现屡见不鲜，给患者造成极大的痛苦。在选择正确的手术方式后，如何保障手术成功率，避免首次手术失败进行再次乃至多次手术，并避免并发症的出现，最终导致手术失败，患者及患儿家庭不得不考虑。因此，选择正确的手术方式后，还应考量手术专家，及医院对手术成功标准的要求，把握首次手术的成功率。
\n针对不同的病情分型，医院可采取以上各种术式为患者提供针对性较强的诊疗方案，以手术成功的5个关键进行衡量。与此同时，每台尿道下裂手术，不论采取何种术式，医院都有11个手术目标。
\n手术成功的5个关键：一个好的手术方法选择，要为患者提供适合的手术术式；精细的手术操作，即亚显微外科技术，局部损伤小、成形尿道缝合准确、血运好、组织愈合好；良好的术中止血及血供保护，术中于设计线注射1：100000肾上腺素盐水止血，或者于阴茎根部环扎血带止血，保留组织血供；合理的皮瓣改型技术；合理的包扎、引流和尿流改道方案，伤口设计在龟头垫的外侧，使形成的尿道板更宽，术后采用生物胶敷料适当加压包扎，并在阴茎两侧防止引流管。而手术成功的11个目标是：外形好看、无排尿困难、尿道开口正位、膀胱 不造瘘、无尿瘘等并发症、术后不需尿道扩张、患者无心理障碍、医生手术操作简单、术后家长护理简单、住院时间短或不住院，以及成年后性功能正常。
\n对首次手术失败的患者来说，再次选择手术时更需慎重。因首次手术的失败，加大了再次手术的困难。若连续选择失误，极有可能将已经不多的成功机会一点点葬送。选择再次手术时，患者不能只考虑哪种手术的成功率高，而应对医院进行综合评价。重点考察医院在尿道下裂诊疗方面的整体优势、诊疗实力，及对手术成功的保障程度。
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右肾积水，尿路感染，现在每天小剂量服用呋喃妥因，现在小孩正常～积水是否需要手术，怎么防止尿路感染！
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