有些人天气暖和，温湿度适宜的时候，鼻子、口腔、咽部不会难受，而一入冬，就开始 咳嗽气喘，甚至得了肺炎，这是怎么回事?
肺炎球菌寄居在人的气道里，在外部温湿度适宜的情况下，这种菌与人体相安无事，当外部温度发生改变，空气变冷，湿度下降时 ，就会开始“造反”。尤其是人体的免疫力下降时，肺炎、老慢支等呼吸系统疾病就特别容 易复发。有些人一早醒来，咽干口渴，鼻子难受，出门再被寒风一吹，马上就会感冒，就是这个道理。
因此，入冬保健，专家认为，首当其冲的就是要“保水”，防干燥。
很多人有早晨醒来之后喝水的习惯，为的是促进新陈代谢。钟院士提出，对付冬季干燥，除了坚持早晨喝水的习惯外，在每次餐前也应该适量喝一点水，不仅可以缓解咽干 ，而且可以起到刺激胃肠消化功能的作用。可以大口喝，但要小口咽，让水有慢慢滋润咽 部的感觉。
还一些老办法也值得提倡。比如在室内放几盆清水，可以有效保持室内湿度，预防呼吸系统疾病。
此外，专家还提出了几个入冬后保护呼吸道的建议：
注意足部保暖。足部着凉，全身血液循环不畅，会引起鼻、咽、气管等上呼吸道疾病。所以，无论幼儿还是老人，睡前都应该用热水泡脚，稍做按摩，可以预防呼吸道感染 。
不要在室内抽烟。大人不要在室内吸烟，即使孩子不在家时也要做到不抽烟，因为烟味会附着在室内，等孩子回来，依然会伤害他的呼吸道。
对于哮喘疾病，我们大家都是很熟悉的，如果发生了此病以后，患者对外界的环境要求很高，如果一些环境不好的情况下，患者就很容易发病，特别是一些孩子，发作的时候会感到呼吸困难，需要及时用药缓解病情，并且在日常还应该注意食疗，针对性的食疗是有助于病情康复的。
\n(1)患儿可多吃一些润肺化痰的食物如百合、白木耳、柑橘、萝卜、梨、藕、蜂蜜、猕猴桃等。
\n(2)哮喘发作时出汗多，进食少，使患儿失去较多的水分。所以患儿要多饮水，还有利于稀释痰液，使痰易排出。
\n(3)补充足够的优质蛋白质，以满足炎症修复及营养补充，如蛋类、牛奶、瘦肉、鱼等。脂肪类食品不宜进食过多。
\n(4)增加含维生素多的食品，如各种水果、蔬菜。因为维生素A可以增强机体抗病能力，维生素B和C可促进肺部炎症吸收。
\n(5)镁、钙有减少过敏的作用。可多食海带、芝麻、花生、核桃、豆制品、绿叶蔬菜等含镁、钙丰富的食品。
\n(6)食物不宜过咸、不宜过甜、不宜过腻、不宜过于刺激。具体视个人过敏情况而定。
\n小儿性哮喘的鉴别诊断方法
\n1.小儿哮喘患儿反复发作喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽。
\n2.发作时在双肺可闻及散在或弥漫性以呼气相为主的哮鸣音，呼气相延长。
\n3.上述症状和体征可经治疗缓解或自行缓解。
\n4.其他疾病所引起的喘息、气急、胸闷和咳嗽。
\n5.临床表现不典型者(如无明显喘息或体征)，可作支气管激发试验或运动激发试验阳性。
\n关于小儿哮喘在发生以后，我们大家在饮食上应该注意的一些事项，已经介绍的很清楚了，科学合理的饮食对小儿哮喘病人来说是很重要的，要想彻底治愈小儿哮喘，需要经过很长一段时间的治疗，所以要有恒心。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"2376","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"宝宝6个月躺着发声就干咳","content":"
女,7个月。宝宝躺着发声时就干咳，吃完奶把头甩开后，再次把乳头放她嘴边时就干呕和干咳！没有其他症状，吃睡精神都可以，之前腹泻带去医院听过心肺好的，但是回来后第二天出现这种情况，好担心
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","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"4614","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿肺炎会出现发热情况吗","content":"孩子在幼儿的时候容易得肺炎，肺炎是儿科里面比较严重的。如果不能够及时的得到重视，小儿肺炎症状就会发展的比较迅速，甚至会直接影响到患儿的大脑发育，那么，小儿肺炎有哪些典型症状？
\n发热情况
\n儿童罹患肺炎时大多有发热症状，体温多在38℃以上，持续两三天时间，退热药只能使体温暂时下降一会儿，不久便又上升。儿童感冒虽然也会发热，但体温多数在38℃以下，持续时间较短，退热药的效果也较明显。
\n但同时也应该警惕不发热的小儿肺炎，宝宝患肺炎体温可能会很高，但也可能不发烧，甚至体温低于正常。发烧时间长短，也不能作为判断肺炎的依据。有的宝宝发烧仅两天就已发展为肺炎，而有的宝宝发烧一周也并不是肺炎引起的。所以但从发热并不能判断孩子是否患了肺炎，还需结合其他几方面判断。
\n咳嗽和呼吸
\n判断还是是否罹患肺炎还需看孩子有无咳、喘和呼吸是否困难。感冒和支气管炎引起的咳、喘多呈阵发性，一般不会出现呼吸困难。若咳、喘较重，静止时呼吸频率增快（即不到2个月婴儿呼吸次数≥60次/分；2-12个月婴儿≥50次/分；1-5岁幼儿≥40次/分），两侧鼻翼一张一张的，口唇发青或发紫，一旦出现上述症状，提示病情严重，不可拖延。
\n病毒性肺炎的病原体50%以上是呼吸道合胞病毒，该型肺炎占小儿肺炎住院总数的三分之一。好发于冬春季。最典型的好发年龄是6个月-3岁大。这些孩子往往起病急，先有″感冒″症状，持续时间约3天，表现发低烧（测量体温在38℃左右）、流清鼻涕水、咳嗽，约60%患儿也可不发烧。2-3天后咳嗽加重，呼吸快而浅表，每分钟可达60-100次。最突出的症状是喘、憋、呼气延长，喘鸣之声音有时不必用听诊器，只要靠近患儿就可听到，患儿非常痛苦。
\n精神状态
\n要想及时发现儿童肺炎，细心的妈妈们也应该注意孩子的精神状态。如果孩子在发热、咳嗽、喘的同时精神很好、能玩、爱笑，则提示患肺炎的可能性很小。相反，孩子精神状态不佳、口唇青紫、烦躁、哭闹或昏睡、抽风，少数患儿可出现谵语则说明孩子病得较严重，得肺炎的可能性较大。孩子在患肺炎初期既可能精神并无明显变化，也可能精神状态不佳。
\n食欲
\n得了肺炎食欲会显著下降，小儿得了肺炎，不吃东西，或一吃奶就哭闹不安。如果确诊孩子已经得了肺炎后，应继续喂奶、喂食，多喝汤类食物，如果患儿食欲减退，应少量多餐，哺乳婴儿应增加每天的喂奶次数，以增强营养与体力。
\n胸部
\n由于儿童的胸壁薄，有时不用听诊器也能听到水泡音，所以细心的家长可以在孩子安静或睡着时听听他的胸部。听儿童胸部时，要求室温在18℃以上，脱去孩子的上衣，将耳朵轻轻地贴在孩子脊柱两侧的胸壁，仔细倾听。肺炎患儿在吸气时会听到“咕噜儿”、“咕噜儿”的声音，医生称之为细小水泡音，这是肺部发炎的重要体征。
\n同时仔细观察孩子有无胸凹陷（在吸气时，两侧肋骨边缘处内陷随呼吸起伏）。如果出现此情况，则需马上送孩子去医院确诊以便及时治疗。
\n温馨提示，当孩子出现一些疾病症状时，语言上不会很全面的叙述出疾病症状，但是孩子都会出现精神状况不佳现象，甚至会情绪比较烦躁，出现哭闹不止症状，家长们要特别关注孩子的一举一动，避免肺炎病情加重，需要及时得到有效治疗。
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引起新生儿黄疸的原因主要有：生理原因有些胎儿在出生后第2～3日出现黄疸，第4～6日最重，随着肝脏功能的逐渐健全，黄疸通常在出生后的10～14日消退，个别有延误到20日以后者，属于生理现象。血型不合有的胎儿出生24小时以内出现黄疸，且持续不退。这种黄疸多是母子血型不合造成的。当胎儿的血液是rh因子阳性，而母亲的血液是rh因子阴性时，新生儿易发生溶血而出现黄疸。此种黄疸较严重，一般不会自然消退，而需换血、光照疗法或输白蛋白治疗。先天性胆道闭锁本病是一种少见的先天性畸形，黄疸乃因胚胎发育异常造成的胆道闭锁或狭窄，胆汁不能排泄或排泄不畅所致。黄疸的特点是出生不久即发生，呈进行性加重，全身皮肤深桔黄色，尿布被尿液染黄后用清水常冲洗不掉。此病预后恶劣，应早期手术。全身性巨细胞性包涵体病本病病源是细胞巨病毒，由无症状的带病毒孕妇通过胎盘感染胎儿。新生儿在出生一个月内出现黄疸、精神不振、咳嗽、肝脾肿大、消化不良和生长停滞等，应考虑是本病。败血症新生儿因免疫功能不健全抵抗力低下，易患脐带感染而发生败血症，败血症可并发中毒性肝炎或肝脓肿而出现黄疸。新生儿黄疸如超过一个月黄疸不消退，则应到医院儿科看病，以便正确判断和及时处理。
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"4938","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":" 妈妈坚持做童趣早餐 做饭一小时，拍照修图三小时，吃完只需要五分钟","content":"杭州的庞女士四年前怀上了二胎，为了弥补对女儿的爱，她想到为孩子做卡通早餐。由于要想创意弄造型，有时她会从头天晚上就开始准备。她说，“没有办法让孩子永远活在童话和美好里，却能把它们变成食物呈现在餐桌上。”
\n对此，相关网友如下评论：
\n发酵的面团团 ： 做饭一小时，拍照修图三小时，吃完只需要五分钟
浅怀 ： 这位母亲您还缺孩子吗，不哭也不闹，只知道吃那种
滴水湖湖湖湖：我怎么觉得是她自己在满足一些什么，而不见得是孩子本身需要
hyun：脏兮兮的浪费食材，精神过于旺盛？
ISS大大驴：讲真我觉得手摸来摸去 其实蛮脏的
旭姐殷旭：一份单纯的母爱被各种解读，无言以对
我就尴尬的笑笑：好看并不一定好吃 倒数二张图看了莫名其妙的心里别扭 就是为了晒？
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我们都清楚，宝宝患上肺炎的几率比较大，这个病困扰着很多家长，因此，掌握一些宝宝肺炎的症状是很有必要的，因为说不定以后就会用得到，到时候就不会一问三不知了。想知道宝宝肺炎的早期症状以及宝宝肺炎的治疗方法吗？那就一起来看看吧。
\n宝宝肺炎什么症状
\n1.寒战、高热
\n宝宝肺炎的起病比较的急，自然病程7～10天。突然寒战、高热，体温高达39℃～40℃，头痛、全身肌肉酸软。
\n2.咳嗽、咳痰
\n早期为刺激性干咳，继而咯出白色黏液痰或带血丝痰，1～2天后，可咯出黏液血性痰、铁锈色痰、脓性痰，消散期痰量增多，痰黄而稀薄。
\n3.胸痛
\n常有剧烈胸痛，呈针刺样，随咳嗽或深呼吸而加重，可向肩或腹部放射。下叶肺炎可刺激隔胸膜引起腹痛，可被误诊为急腹症。
\n4.呼吸困难
\n因肺实变致通气不足、气体交换障碍、动脉血氧饱和度降低而出现发绀、胸痛、呼吸困难。
\n5.其他症状
\n少数有恶心、呕吐、腹胀或腹泻等胃肠道症状，重症时可出现神志模糊、烦躁、嗜睡、昏迷等。
\n如何判断孩子是否得了肺炎
\n1、一查呼吸
\n当孩子有肺炎了的时候，情况较为严重的时候，会出现咳嗽，气喘，甚至会伴有呼吸困难。呼吸困难会表现在憋气，口唇发紫。在这个情况下，孩子的病情就是已经非常的严重了，父母们也还不能再拖延了，要及时的将孩子送完正规的医院进行治疗，及时的给孩子治疗。
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