在诱发哮喘的众多因素中，饮食作为一种特异性过敏原占有较高比例。这种食源性哮喘在成人中并不多见，但在儿童，尤其是婴幼儿中则占较高比例，也就是说，年龄越小，食物导致哮喘的越多见。可能与小儿胃肠道机制不够完善，某些大分子蛋白通过消化道黏膜入血，并作为异种物质刺激机体发生过敏反应有关。随着小儿年龄的增长，其胃肠功能逐渐完善起来，对食物耐受性逐渐增强，食源性哮喘也就逐渐减少。
\n易诱发哮喘的食物有牛奶、蛋类、海产品、豆类、某些水果、辣椒以及调味品，如胡椒、八角、茴香，还包括食用色素、香精、啤酒、汽水和冷饮等。因此，在婴幼儿期要减少这些食品的摄入，特别是婴儿期（0—1岁）要以母乳喂养为主，添加辅食时，坚持由少到多，由稀到稠，由粗到细及由1种到多种的原则，以便发现不耐受或可诱发哮喘的食物，及时进行调整，并避免在婴儿期食用这些能诱发哮喘的食物。
\n对于曾有食源性哮喘发作的患儿，在饮食上要做好以下6项防范及保健措施。
\n1、已知能引起过敏，诱发哮喘发作的食物，儿童期应避免接触和食用。
\n2、供给充足的蛋白质，尤其是优质蛋白质，如鸡肉、猪肝、瘦猪肉、牛奶及豆浆、豆粉等豆制品，以促进炎症修复和营养补充。对可能诱使哮喘发生的蛋类和海产品在婴幼儿期小心添加，如在食用后经观察无异常情况发生，方可放心食用。牛乳过敏多发生在婴儿期，1岁以后很少引起过敏反应及哮喘发作，故在婴儿期加用牛乳后，应细心观察。
\n3、补充足够的维生素，以维持人体正常代谢和生长发育需要，增加抗病能力。关键在于多食新鲜水果和蔬菜，如梨、苹果、柑桔、莲子、大枣、胡萝卜、白菜、油菜等。
\n4、增加钙、铁摄入量。钙可促进儿童骨骼发育，还可降低过敏反应程度；铁可预防贫血。故在饮食中增加含钙、铁食物，如奶类、瘦肉、蛋类、动物肝、豆类、新医学教|育网 搜集整理鲜蔬菜以及芝麻、木耳和银耳等。
\n5、鼓励小儿平日多喝白开水或糖水，尽量不喝饮料，因为饮料中含有色素、糖精或香精，是诱发哮喘的发病因素之一。
\n6、避免食用辛辣刺激性食物，如辣椒、芥末、咖哩粉以及孜然等，以防止哮喘发作。
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生活中有很多食物都是哮喘的克星，哮喘病人常吃可以避免疾病的复发。哮喘吃什么食物比较好，下面就介绍一些哮喘病人可以吃的食物。
\n1.大豆及其制品
\n如豆浆，豆腐等对哮喘病人有益，过敏者严禁食用。
\n2.多吃一些蛋白质含量高的食品
\n如鸡蛋，牛肉，瘦肉，鸡，鱼等，可以补充因哮喘而消耗的蛋白质，增强抵抗力。
\n3.维生素A对防治哮喘有益
\n维生素A在动物食品中含量最多，如肝，蛋黄，奶油，黄油等，忌优质过大，哮喘病人不能多吃。
\n4.老年人应该多吃绿叶菜和橙黄色菜类
\n这些菜含有丰富的胡萝卜素，胡萝卜素可以转变成维生素A。
\n5.药粥可和胃健脾，益肺润燥
\n煮粥时加入百合，芝麻，栗子，秋菊。菊花和胡萝卜等“药食两兼”，能收到益肺润燥，滋补强身的效果。
\n哮喘不能吃什么食物
\n1、奶及奶制品
\n牛奶及奶制品含有甲种乳白蛋白、乙种乳球蛋白和酪蛋白等多种致敏成份，可诱发哮喘。一般经高温煮沸处理后，其变应原性可明显减弱。
\n2、禽蛋类
\n鸡蛋、鹌鹑蛋、鸭蛋、鹅蛋和鸵鸟蛋等蛋清中的卵白蛋白是诱发哮喘的主要成份。
\n3、海产品及水产品
\n鱼类、虾类、蟹类、鱿鱼、贝类和蚌类等海产品及水产品均可诱发哮喘，而且变应原通常耐热，即使熟食也常常诱发哮喘。
\n4、水果类
\n\n
易引起哮喘的水果类食物主要包括桃子、苹果、葡萄、柿子、樱桃、香蕉、芒果、杏、枣、菠萝和草莓等。
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男,3岁9个月。二个月前肺炎住院，出院15天又开始咳，反反复复咳一个半月，一直用雾化治疗，咳嗽不严重，偶尔咳2声，基本早上咳，用过过敏药，一直早上起床咳二声，偶尔晚上咳一二声，前天查了支原体，这个算感染吗？支原体不治疗会自愈吗，不怎么咳用治疗吗？
","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"1105","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"大叶性肺炎退烧的方法","content":"28号发烧，轻咳，29号住院，疹断大叶性肺炎，输液一个星期不见好转，转院，现在基本不咳，但是发烧还是控制不住，每天3-4次，都是38.5以上，血项高。肺里无积液，腹部淋巴肿大
\n怎么才能控制作住体温
","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"1488","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"肺气肿的早期症状有哪些","content":"随着肺气肿这种疾病困扰的人群越来越广泛，人们在生活中对这种疾病也就越来越重视，如果我们不能够对这种疾病进行有效的预防，那么我们如果了解了这种疾病的早期症状表现，也是可以对这种疾病做到早发现，早治疗的，所以今天我们就来了解一下肺气肿的早期症状吧！
\n1·肺气肿是肺腺泡任何部分的永久性异常扩大，伴破坏性改变。一般来说，如出现以下情况，就是患上了肺气肿：有慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘史、咳嗽、咳痰，呼吸困难逐步加重，紫绀逐渐加深;有桶状胸、胸部前后径增大、肋间隙增宽，呼吸困难，口唇手指发绀，胸部呼吸运动减弱，语颤减弱，叩诊检查吸音低，呼气延长;x线胸片可表现出双肺透亮度增强，外周肺纹减少，横隔下降，运动不良;肺功能明显减弱。
\n2·肺功能呼吸困难程度可为五度：第一度时工作、步行及上下阶梯与同年龄健康者一样;第二度时平地步行与同年龄健康者一样，但上坡及走阶梯则不能同健康人一样;第三度时平地步行按自己的速度可行走1 公里以上，但达不到健康人的速度;第四度时行走要作多次休息，50米也不能一气走到底;第五度时说话、转身、穿衣、用餐均会发生呼吸急促。
\n3·得了肺气肿后怎么办呢?首先要预防和控制支气管感染，不吸烟或戒烟，适当体育活动，增强体质，防止感冒。若有咳嗽、咳痰要立即就医，用抗生素控制感染。其次是作呼吸体操，坚持在早上深呼吸运动，锻炼腹式呼吸，或做以肋间肌运动为主的胸式呼吸。在治疗上可采服氧气治疗和正压呼吸治疗。还应当注意减少支气管痉挛，改善肺循环。
\n如果患上肺气肿不能够进行有效治疗的话，那么就有可能会诱发患者出现自发性气胸，呼吸衰竭，慢性肺源性心脏病和右心衰竭以及胃溃疡等并发症的出现，如果大家想要让自己远离这些并发症，那么一定要把握对这种疾病的最佳治疗时间，从而帮助自己更好的控制病情。
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大家都知道肺炎的危害后果很多，而且带来的危害性也非常大，相信大家对于这种疾病都非常担心，平时大家需要注意这种疾病的常见发病机制，避免造成更多影响，避免导致呼吸功能受到危害，那么肺炎的常见发病机制是什么？
\n肺炎的发病机制有哪些呢
\n(一)呼吸功能障碍
\n主要表现为低氧血症，重症可出现高碳酸血症。由于通气和换气功能障碍，氧进入肺泡及氧自肺泡弥散至血流减少，动脉血氧分压及动脉血氧饱和度降低，发生低氧血症。
\n(二)神经系统损害
\n缺氧和二氧化碳潴留以及病原体毒素可以引起脑毛细血管扩张，通透性增加，引起脑细胞水肿、颅内压升高以及中毒性脑病，严重脑水肿可使呼吸中枢受到抑制而发生中枢性呼吸衰竭。
\n(三)胃肠道功能改变
\n低氧血症和病原体毒素作用，使胃肠道功能发生紊乱，出现厌食、呕吐及腹泻等症状，甚至产生中毒性肠麻痹，并使胃肠道毛细血管通透性增加，引起消化道出血。
\n(四)酸碱平衡紊乱
\n肺炎患儿因低氧发生代谢障碍，酸性代谢产物增加，加之感染发热、进食少，常有代谢性酸中毒。由于通气和换气障碍引起二氧化碳潴留，导致呼吸性酸中毒。因此严重肺炎患儿可同时存在不同程度的呼吸性和代谢性酸中毒。
\n临床上容易与肺炎相混淆的三种疾病
\n1、支气管异物
\n多有异物吸入史，发病突然，呛咳剧烈，常有吸气性喉鸣或呼气性喘鸣，必要时可行支气管纤维镜检查术。
\n2、急性支气管炎
\n患者症状较轻，一般无发热或仅有低热，以咳嗽为主要症状，肺部呼吸音粗糙或有不固定的干性啰音，少数患者可闻及湿性啰音。喘息性支气管炎可伴有闷喘。如症状较重不易与肺炎的症状区分者，则按肺炎处理。
\n3、肺结核
\n患者常有结核接触史及结核中毒症状，肺部啰音不明显，结核菌素试验及X射线胸片检查可供鉴别是否是肺炎的症状。
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在当地医院住院半个月，阿奇霉素吊了2个疗程，出院后让吃消炎药，但咳嗽症状不见减轻
希望大家给我一些治疗上的建议
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