![\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395966464.jpg\" "\\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\\"")
预防
\n3、4、7型腺病毒口服减毒活疫苗经国外小规模应用已证明有预防效果，但尚未大规模生产和应用。流行期间，特别在病房，应尽力隔离，以预防交叉感染;在地段工作中多做婴幼儿上感的家庭治疗，在托幼机构要特别注意早期隔离及避免患感冒的保育员继续担任护理工作，以减少传播机会。
\n预后
\n在我国北方腺病毒肺炎的病情严重，1958年初次大流行时，住院病人病死率高达25%，经中西医结合治疗后，病死率降至5%～10%。近10年来没有明显流行，有时北方的发病数甚至降至第二位(rsv肺炎为第一位)，病情减轻，病死率为5%以下。流行时死亡大多发生在病程第10～15日，影响预后的主要因素是：①年龄幼小缺乏特异抗体，死亡多发生于6～18月儿童，2岁以上者几乎没有死亡;②如并发或继发于麻疹、一般肺炎或其他重症的过程中，病死率较高，继发金黄色葡萄球菌或大肠杆菌等感染时预后也较严重;③一般7型腺病毒与3型、11型所致肺炎比较，重症及死亡者较多。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1023","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"2010","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"哮喘儿童的家庭保健方法","content":"
据统计，我国儿童哮喘发病率大约为3%，个别地区高达5%，近年其发病率及死亡率均呈上升趋势。有关专家认为，在采用药物治疗小儿哮喘的同时，重视日常生活保健对减少哮喘发作的次数与严重程度是十分重要的。
减少环境致敏因素：每天要保持居室清洁、通风。床单被褥及枕头要常清洗，避免使用鸭绒或化纤被褥，内衣裤最好采用棉制品。家中最好不要养猫、狗及小鸟等小宠物，如果肯定花草会引起孩子过敏，就不要在室内种养会致敏的花草。尽量不带孩子去人多、空气污浊的公共场所，如果每年能带小孩到农村或空气新鲜的山区度假一段时间，对哮喘的控制将大有益处。另外，在感冒流行季节，每隔2～3天用醋或艾条熏蒸居室，或加服一些抗病毒中药，可以预防流感引发哮喘。
注重饮食调整：对哮喘儿童总的饮食原则是：清淡、易消化、营养平衡。可多吃含维生素丰富的水果、蔬菜，少吃过甜、过咸、过冷或过热的食物，尤其是对辛辣、煎炸，肥腻之品要忌食，尽量不吃含添加剂、调味品太多的食品。体质较虚弱的哮喘儿，当病情稳定时，可辅以必要的食疗方法，如“核桃捣烂与蜂蜜混匀后，每日服1匙；蛤蚧去内脏及眼后与肉末蒸食，每周一次；或者食用白果炖鸭等，都可起到补虚、润肺、止喘等效果。
加强体质锻炼：加强锻炼能促进哮喘儿童的新陈代谢改善呼吸功能，从而提高机体对温度和外界环境变化的适应能力，还能促进食欲，有助保持精神愉快，加快身体的恢复。耐寒力锻炼对哮喘很有好处，但必须循序渐进，持之以恒。如夏季时参加游泳，冬天选择晨跑、晨操、打球等项目。尤其是冬季，可安排每天1～2小时耐寒力。其次是平时要常进行肺功能锻炼，如练口琴、吹气球等，再就是多唱唱歌、大声阅读也是非常有益的。当然，锻炼计划一定要循序渐进，在有关专家指导进行更好。
保持良好的情绪：因为哮喘也是一种心身疾病，其发病常与神经系统的兴奋性有关。因此家长应特别注意调节患儿的情绪状态。由于哮喘属慢性病而且易反复发作，家长应有足够的耐心，给孩子多一份关爱，少一份训斥和恐吓，不要动辄就对孩子发脾气。对较大的孩子应让他们多了解自己的病情、预后，帮助其树立信心，自觉配合治疗，以期早日康复。总之家长应尽量创造一个和睦的家庭氛围，从小培养孩子有规律的生活习惯，让孩子的心境平和、开朗，处处感到家庭的温暖，这样有助于孩子远离不必要的焦虑和恐惧，对孩子身体的康复是很有好处的。
\n
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"1988","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"宝宝脸部严重湿疹怎么办","content":"
男,6个月。我家宝宝刚出生就吃奶粉，是韩国的经典名作，之前都很正常。上个月突然患了湿疹，现在两边脸上都是，可以看图片，感觉很严重，反复结痂，然后再变红发作，豆豆破了后有白色液体。去医院检查，过敏源不是牛奶，对鸡蛋白过敏，也没让他吃过鸡蛋，一直是奶粉。那里医生说孩子大点就会好，可是现在给他换氨基酸奶粉，仍然不见好转，偶尔给他涂抹婴宝，也不见效果。我们该怎么办？
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"3489","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"求助 谢谢","content":"男,11岁。全身强直 失神发作 头痛 一次发作数秒至十余秒 意识清楚，是癫痫吗，哪里看的好
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"1136","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿脑瘫形成的原因","content":"小儿脑瘫影响着孩子的生子发育，所以这是很多妈妈们最关心的问题，那么小儿脑瘫的治疗方法是什么？
\n小儿脑瘫的病因：
\n早产儿：如今，由于医疗水平的提高，不少胎龄只有28周、体重在1千克以下的孩子都得到抢救成活。但是由于胎龄小，脑的发育很不成熟，所以很容易出现脑损伤。如果损伤后出现了中枢性运动障碍，就可能形成脑性瘫痪，所以早产儿的预防保健工作成为了脑瘫预防的一个重点内容。
\n新生儿窒息：新生儿窒息目前仍然是脑瘫的第2位原因，尤其是重度窒息。由于缺氧，很容易导致脑水肿和颅内出血，致使脑组织损伤。现代研究已经发现重度窒息的患儿在出生前已经存在脑损伤，由于其脑损伤的存在而导致孩子不能很顺利地娩出。所以新的观点认为：胎儿脑损伤导致新生儿窒息，窒息反过来加重新生儿脑损伤。如果在此期不进行干预，那么很可能导致永久性脑损伤，出现人们担心的脑性瘫痪症状。
\n黄疸：黄疸是大部分孩子出生后都可能经历的过程，但不是所有的黄疸都致病。一般存在以下情况应引起注意：黄疸在生后24小时内出现；重症黄疸（血清胆红素浓度高于205.2—256.5毫摩尔/升）；黄疸持续时间长（足月儿超过2周，早产儿超过4周）；黄疸退而复现。黄疸诊断为病理性后，只要及时处理，绝大多数可很快恢复正常。
\n小儿脑瘫怎么治疗
\n目前早期治疗方法采用综合康复治疗方法，主要包括物理治疗、药物治疗、推拿按摩疗法等，在专业康复机构还可以进行躯体训练疗法、康复护理等。
\n物理治疗是指利用器械训练或物理刺激的方法针对脑瘫患者的各种运动功能障碍及异常姿势进行一系列的训练，以粗大运动及下肢功能训练为主。目的是改善肢体运动功能，抑制异常姿势反射，促进正常运动功能发育。药物治疗主要选用营养脑细胞、改善脑代谢的西药，可结合舒筋通络、醒脑开窍的中药，来调节肌张力，缓解肌肉痉挛。推拿按摩疗法是根据中医的经络理论，采用循经取穴的方法进行推拿按摩，达到改善肌张力，增加关节活动度，矫正异常姿势的作用。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"5236","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会","content":"
儿童雾化吸入治疗是目前哮喘治疗中常用的给药方式，而吸入型激素是目前治疗气道炎症最有效的药物。随着激素雾化吸入疗法在儿童支气管哮喘、肺炎等疾病的应用和普及，患儿家属仍存在不少顾虑和疑问，现将常见问题概述如下：
\n
1、 雾化吸入激素有哪些作用？
\n答：雾化吸入激素可以有效减轻气道炎症和气道高反应性、控制哮喘症状、减少哮喘发作、降低哮喘死亡率、改善肺功能以及生命质量。
\n2、 吸入型激素的副作用类似于口服激素吗？安全性如何？
\n答：目前吸入型激素吸入治疗药量仅为全身用药的几十分之一，经肝脏首被迅速灭活而不产生全身作用。因此雾化吸入局部给药治安全性好。
\n3、激素雾化吸入治疗有哪些不良反应？
\n答：布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入不良反应很少。个别患儿使用不当可出现口腔霉菌感染，可通过吸药后漱口或暂时停药1～2天和局部抗霉菌治疗即可缓解。其他还有声音嘶哑，停药后可自行缓解。
\n4、 激素雾化吸入治疗有哪些注意事项？
\n答：防止药物入眼，使用面罩吸药前不能涂抹油性面膏，吸药后及时清洗脸部，以减少经皮肤吸收的药量。雾化时采用坐位、半坐位或侧卧位，并适当拍背。呼吸节律对吸入药雾微粒量亦有影响，儿童吵闹时吸气短促，药雾以惯性运动存留于口咽部，疗效欠佳。定期消毒雾化器，避免污染。
\n![\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395888971.jpg\" "\\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\\"")
5、 需要根据孩子的体重来选择用药剂量吗？
\n答：研究表明，给予儿童和成人吸入相同剂量的激素后，两者的药时曲线面积相似，即儿童患者一般无需按公斤体重计算用量。
\n![\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498396700097.jpg\" "\\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\\"")
6、 雾化治疗时气流声音较吵，能关小流量吗？
\n答：流量应控制在6～8L/min。原因为①药雾微粒直径以1～5 μm最适宜，如大于5 μm，绝大多数被截留在口咽部。如小于0.5 μm，虽能达到下呼吸道，但潮气呼吸时，90％的微粒又随呼气排出于体外。②药雾微粒大小与气流压力和流速有关，增加气流速度可使雾化输出量增加，减小药物微粒，缩短雾化时间，增强依从性。（翁若航）
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":10},{"id":"5128","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"男婴遭弃垃圾桶旁冻死 两人行为已经构成故意杀人罪","content":"
2016年12月4日凌晨，被告人马某婷在被告人杨某富租住的东涌镇房子内自然顺产下一名活体男婴。因二人均不愿意抚养男婴，便长时间将被害人置于地上不管不顾，更是在未采取任何保暖措施的情况下，将男婴裸体装于废弃纸箱并用塑料袋包裹，弃置在出租屋楼下的垃圾桶旁边石台上，并离开现场去医院就医。最终，男婴被作为一般垃圾被扔到垃圾车内，运输到村垃圾压缩站准备处理，当公安民警赶到压缩站找回男婴，但男婴已死亡（符合冻死）。据悉，被告人杨某富、马某婷在医院接受治疗时，明知道医护人员报警，但仍留在医院等候公安机关处理。据此前报道，男婴父母事发时都只有18岁。
\n关于此事，且看网友如何评论：
\n君：买个套套就那么难吗？
\nNicklaus：世界上最可怕的事，就是父母不需要考试就能成为父母。
\n懒羊羊你别跑：这年头的年轻男女，所以加强一下性和责任教育，真的很有必要，不分男女，男孩子父母管好，女孩子多教育自爱。过早和不成熟性生活的男女，人生道路一般都比较坎坷。
\n彤彤_小宝：不要说只有18岁，旧社会18岁娃都打酱油了，这个年龄早该有法律意识了，再说了，这个男娃不要，你看看多少家庭为个男娃求爷爷哭奶奶的
\n希妮Sama：[摊手]每日一句：不能因为年纪小就不负责任。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":9}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"5235","isDel":0,"createAt":1498395247981,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？","content":"
许多家长并不知道小孩感冒怎么办，只要说明书上有治感冒这一项，就给孩子吃，于是吃抗生素就成了顺理成章的事情，殊不知，抗生素不可轻易使用，更不能滥用。
\n![\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498396169518.jpg\" "\\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\\"")
大多数上呼吸道感染不需要使用抗生素
\n急性上呼吸道感染（简称上感，俗称“感冒”）是儿科门诊最常见的疾病，也是让许多家长十分头疼的病，孩子常表现为发热、咳嗽、鼻塞、流涕等症状，有的孩子还会出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻等消化道症状，在儿科门诊常被诊断为“急性扁桃体炎”、“急性咽炎”、“急性鼻炎”等。其实这些病可以统称为上呼吸道感染，各种病毒和细菌均可以引起。其中，大多数上呼吸道感染是由病毒引起的，约占90%以上，而由细菌引起的仅占一小部分，也只有这一小部分的患儿需要使用抗生素。其实，在欧美发达国家，医生们对抗生素的使用是十分慎重的，如果孩子是病毒性感冒，根本不用药，只嘱咐家长让孩子多喝水、多休息，观察变化。
\n![\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395256474.jpg\" "\\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\\"")
有不少家长因为心疼孩子，一见孩子发烧、咳嗽或者有病情变化，就将抗生素作为首选药物给吃上了，觉得用了抗生素“保险”。其实，对于病毒性感冒的孩子，抗生素不但起不到任何正面的作用，有时甚至起到相反的作用。
\n小孩感冒了怎么办
\n![\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395360880.jpg\" "\\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\\"")
孩子的上呼吸道感染是常见病，多数情况下都具有自限性，只要适当休息，合理饮食，可以口服一些针对发热和感冒症状的药物，几天就可以痊愈。如果孩子症状重、病程长，或者在任何家长觉得有必要的时候，应及时就医。作为家长，应破除“一感冒就用抗生素”的错误观念，在医生的指导下合理的使用抗生素。（李冀）
\n转自协和医院官网
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