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有些人天气暖和，温湿度适宜的时候，鼻子、口腔、咽部不会难受，而一入冬，就开始 咳嗽气喘，甚至得了肺炎，这是怎么回事?
肺炎球菌寄居在人的气道里，在外部温湿度适宜的情况下，这种菌与人体相安无事，当外部温度发生改变，空气变冷，湿度下降时 ，就会开始“造反”。尤其是人体的免疫力下降时，肺炎、老慢支等呼吸系统疾病就特别容 易复发。有些人一早醒来，咽干口渴，鼻子难受，出门再被寒风一吹，马上就会感冒，就是这个道理。
因此，入冬保健，专家认为，首当其冲的就是要“保水”，防干燥。
很多人有早晨醒来之后喝水的习惯，为的是促进新陈代谢。钟院士提出，对付冬季干燥，除了坚持早晨喝水的习惯外，在每次餐前也应该适量喝一点水，不仅可以缓解咽干 ，而且可以起到刺激胃肠消化功能的作用。可以大口喝，但要小口咽，让水有慢慢滋润咽 部的感觉。
还一些老办法也值得提倡。比如在室内放几盆清水，可以有效保持室内湿度，预防呼吸系统疾病。
此外，专家还提出了几个入冬后保护呼吸道的建议：
注意足部保暖。足部着凉，全身血液循环不畅，会引起鼻、咽、气管等上呼吸道疾病。所以，无论幼儿还是老人，睡前都应该用热水泡脚，稍做按摩，可以预防呼吸道感染 。
不要在室内抽烟。大人不要在室内吸烟，即使孩子不在家时也要做到不抽烟，因为烟味会附着在室内，等孩子回来，依然会伤害他的呼吸道。
对于哮喘疾病，我们大家都是很熟悉的，如果发生了此病以后，患者对外界的环境要求很高，如果一些环境不好的情况下，患者就很容易发病，特别是一些孩子，发作的时候会感到呼吸困难，需要及时用药缓解病情，并且在日常还应该注意食疗，针对性的食疗是有助于病情康复的。
\n(1)患儿可多吃一些润肺化痰的食物如百合、白木耳、柑橘、萝卜、梨、藕、蜂蜜、猕猴桃等。
\n(2)哮喘发作时出汗多，进食少，使患儿失去较多的水分。所以患儿要多饮水，还有利于稀释痰液，使痰易排出。
\n(3)补充足够的优质蛋白质，以满足炎症修复及营养补充，如蛋类、牛奶、瘦肉、鱼等。脂肪类食品不宜进食过多。
\n(4)增加含维生素多的食品，如各种水果、蔬菜。因为维生素A可以增强机体抗病能力，维生素B和C可促进肺部炎症吸收。
\n(5)镁、钙有减少过敏的作用。可多食海带、芝麻、花生、核桃、豆制品、绿叶蔬菜等含镁、钙丰富的食品。
\n(6)食物不宜过咸、不宜过甜、不宜过腻、不宜过于刺激。具体视个人过敏情况而定。
\n小儿性哮喘的鉴别诊断方法
\n1.小儿哮喘患儿反复发作喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽。
\n2.发作时在双肺可闻及散在或弥漫性以呼气相为主的哮鸣音，呼气相延长。
\n3.上述症状和体征可经治疗缓解或自行缓解。
\n4.其他疾病所引起的喘息、气急、胸闷和咳嗽。
\n5.临床表现不典型者(如无明显喘息或体征)，可作支气管激发试验或运动激发试验阳性。
\n关于小儿哮喘在发生以后，我们大家在饮食上应该注意的一些事项，已经介绍的很清楚了，科学合理的饮食对小儿哮喘病人来说是很重要的，要想彻底治愈小儿哮喘，需要经过很长一段时间的治疗，所以要有恒心。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"2376","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"宝宝6个月躺着发声就干咳","content":"
女,7个月。宝宝躺着发声时就干咳，吃完奶把头甩开后，再次把乳头放她嘴边时就干呕和干咳！没有其他症状，吃睡精神都可以，之前腹泻带去医院听过心肺好的，但是回来后第二天出现这种情况，好担心
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"3084","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"胆汁淤积性黄疸？新生儿肝炎？","content":"女,3个月。我女儿今天76天。1月3日（37天）住院治疗黄疸，发现肺炎。静脉点滴治疗黄疸和肝功能异常。蓝光照射治疗黄疸。1月13日出院。肺炎基本治愈，黄疸退到医生认为的标准值（化验单附有照片）。2月9号复查肝功能，各项数值虽有所下降，但仍超过正常值。并且直接胆红素（9.4）超过了总胆红素（44.5）的20%。请问医生我女儿是乳儿肝炎吗，或者是胆汁淤积性黄疸？情况是否严重？头孢噻肟等抗生素的治疗是否影响肝功能？
女儿大便颜色黄色，尿液也正常。出院后有消化不良症状（停了三天母乳喂奶粉）。父亲是乙肝病毒携带者。
是否是乳儿肝炎或胆汁淤积性黄疸？
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"1136","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿脑瘫形成的原因","content":"小儿脑瘫影响着孩子的生子发育，所以这是很多妈妈们最关心的问题，那么小儿脑瘫的治疗方法是什么？
\n小儿脑瘫的病因：
\n早产儿：如今，由于医疗水平的提高，不少胎龄只有28周、体重在1千克以下的孩子都得到抢救成活。但是由于胎龄小，脑的发育很不成熟，所以很容易出现脑损伤。如果损伤后出现了中枢性运动障碍，就可能形成脑性瘫痪，所以早产儿的预防保健工作成为了脑瘫预防的一个重点内容。
\n新生儿窒息：新生儿窒息目前仍然是脑瘫的第2位原因，尤其是重度窒息。由于缺氧，很容易导致脑水肿和颅内出血，致使脑组织损伤。现代研究已经发现重度窒息的患儿在出生前已经存在脑损伤，由于其脑损伤的存在而导致孩子不能很顺利地娩出。所以新的观点认为：胎儿脑损伤导致新生儿窒息，窒息反过来加重新生儿脑损伤。如果在此期不进行干预，那么很可能导致永久性脑损伤，出现人们担心的脑性瘫痪症状。
\n黄疸：黄疸是大部分孩子出生后都可能经历的过程，但不是所有的黄疸都致病。一般存在以下情况应引起注意：黄疸在生后24小时内出现；重症黄疸（血清胆红素浓度高于205.2—256.5毫摩尔/升）；黄疸持续时间长（足月儿超过2周，早产儿超过4周）；黄疸退而复现。黄疸诊断为病理性后，只要及时处理，绝大多数可很快恢复正常。
\n小儿脑瘫怎么治疗
\n目前早期治疗方法采用综合康复治疗方法，主要包括物理治疗、药物治疗、推拿按摩疗法等，在专业康复机构还可以进行躯体训练疗法、康复护理等。
\n物理治疗是指利用器械训练或物理刺激的方法针对脑瘫患者的各种运动功能障碍及异常姿势进行一系列的训练，以粗大运动及下肢功能训练为主。目的是改善肢体运动功能，抑制异常姿势反射，促进正常运动功能发育。药物治疗主要选用营养脑细胞、改善脑代谢的西药，可结合舒筋通络、醒脑开窍的中药，来调节肌张力，缓解肌肉痉挛。推拿按摩疗法是根据中医的经络理论，采用循经取穴的方法进行推拿按摩，达到改善肌张力，增加关节活动度，矫正异常姿势的作用。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"3016","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"新生儿发黄疸事出有因","content":"
引起新生儿黄疸的原因主要有：生理原因有些胎儿在出生后第2～3日出现黄疸，第4～6日最重，随着肝脏功能的逐渐健全，黄疸通常在出生后的10～14日消退，个别有延误到20日以后者，属于生理现象。血型不合有的胎儿出生24小时以内出现黄疸，且持续不退。这种黄疸多是母子血型不合造成的。当胎儿的血液是rh因子阳性，而母亲的血液是rh因子阴性时，新生儿易发生溶血而出现黄疸。此种黄疸较严重，一般不会自然消退，而需换血、光照疗法或输白蛋白治疗。先天性胆道闭锁本病是一种少见的先天性畸形，黄疸乃因胚胎发育异常造成的胆道闭锁或狭窄，胆汁不能排泄或排泄不畅所致。黄疸的特点是出生不久即发生，呈进行性加重，全身皮肤深桔黄色，尿布被尿液染黄后用清水常冲洗不掉。此病预后恶劣，应早期手术。全身性巨细胞性包涵体病本病病源是细胞巨病毒，由无症状的带病毒孕妇通过胎盘感染胎儿。新生儿在出生一个月内出现黄疸、精神不振、咳嗽、肝脾肿大、消化不良和生长停滞等，应考虑是本病。败血症新生儿因免疫功能不健全抵抗力低下，易患脐带感染而发生败血症，败血症可并发中毒性肝炎或肝脓肿而出现黄疸。新生儿黄疸如超过一个月黄疸不消退，则应到医院儿科看病，以便正确判断和及时处理。
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"4884","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":" 出生几分钟就开始学走路 赢在起跑线","content":"一段女婴刚出生就走路的视频在网上疯转，画面中一名刚出生的婴儿在护士手臂的支撑下，正在努力走路，这一举动令在场医护人员目瞪口呆。
一般来说，大部分周岁的宝宝已经会独站，被爸妈牵着手时也能走上几步，15个月时，宝宝才有有独自走路的能力，但由于环境和抚养方式等因素的影响，相同年龄宝宝的动作发育并不完全一样，有的发育快一点，有的则慢一点。
小编在查了相关资料后发现，医生托着新生儿的腋下让其光脚板接触平面，其会作迈步动作，看上去非常像行走。其实是新生儿的行走反射而已，是新生儿的一项本能。如果您在出生时候也有人如此托着你，那么您也将会成为网红。小编还了解到，新生儿行走反射在6-10周时消失，若4个月以后仍有这个反射，则可能有脑性疾患。
另外告诉您一个秘密除了行走反射，新生儿还有击剑反射，游泳反射，蜷缩反射等等，想让你家宝宝成为网红，可以百度并实施哦！！！
\n
北京协和医院儿科的PICU，主要收治各种儿童危重症如呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭、休克、多器官功能衰竭、免疫功能低下儿的重症感染，疑难术后监护等患儿。依靠协和综合医疗的高水平优势，在为脑外科、脊柱外科、心脏外科、基本外科、泌尿外科等提供术后监护治疗；与妇科联合治疗儿童妇科肿瘤方面积累了丰富的经验。具备了包括重症监护，多种模式的机械通气（无创通气，压力控制，压力支持，高频通气等），经皮中心静脉置管，全肠内外营养、床旁血液净化、有创压力监测、床边头颅、心脏及胸腹B超监测等重症抢救监护技术。
\n心血管专业对新生儿先天性心脏病、小儿心律失常、心力衰竭、心肌病变（包括感染性心肌炎，自身免疫病相关心肌病，心内膜弹力纤维增生症，扩张型、限制型、肥厚型等各型心肌病等）、川崎病、心包炎、儿童原发性或继发性高血压、小儿肺动脉高压的诊治方面有着丰富的成功经验。
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