{"nowTime30":1711666910125,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":" 心脏起搏器原理简单的相容来说就是一个人工的“司令部”,它的主要作用就是替代心脏的起搏点,使心脏有节律地跳动起来。心脏起搏器是由电池和电路组成的脉冲发生器组成,能定时发放一定频率的脉冲电流,通过起搏电极导线传输到心房或心室肌,使局部的心肌细胞受到刺激而兴奋,兴奋通过细胞间的","keywords":"简单几句话让你明白心脏起搏器原理_洞医","title":"简单几句话让你明白心脏起搏器原理_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"0300b4bddfaf11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484985344390,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","realName":"赵玉","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"111111111111","email":"2276635444@qq.com","hospitalId":"31c19c1b453011e69d4700163e005165","departmentId":"2000","illName":"","illId":"793a72a2bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985951761.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"儿科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1704","isDel":0,"createAt":1483439343920,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"北京协和医院心血管内科","type":101,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110101","illId":null,"hospitalId":"15009","keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"description\":\"洞医为您提供:北京协和心内科专家、北京协和医院心律失常、北京协和医院心内科病友的治疗经验等相关信息,让您在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"北京协和心内科专家_北京协和医院心律失常_北京协和医院心内科_洞医\",\"title\":\"北京协和心内科专家_北京协和医院心律失常_北京协和医院心内科_洞医\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"1409","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"动脉导管未闭治疗效果怎么样","content":"
动脉导管闭合术中大出血所致的手术死亡率,视导管壁质地、采用闭合导管的手术方式以及手术者技术的高低等而导,一般应在1%以内。导管单纯结扎术或钳闭术有术后导管再通可能,其再通率一般在1%以上,加垫结扎术后复通率低于前二者。动脉导管闭合术的远期效果,视术前有否肺血管继发性病变及其程度。在尚未发生肺血管病变之前接受手术的病人,可完全康复,寿命如常人;肺血管病变严重呈不可逆转者,术后肺血管阻力仍高,右心负荷仍重,效果较差。
","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1023","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"1604","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"先天性心脏病饮食注意事项","content":"1.严格控制盐的摄入,盐的主要成分是钠和氯,而钠在人体内具有“水化”组织的作用,体内的钠和氯大部分都是从尿中排出的。而血液中钠离子浓度过高会引起体内大量水分的潴留,造成患儿全身水肿、肝脏肿大、增加心脏的负担,严重的还会导致心力衰竭。同时,饮食过咸也是造成高血压的重要原因之一。所以先天性心脏病手术后的患儿的饮食一定要偏淡些,腌腊制品、咸蛋、咸鱼等含盐量过高的食品尽量不要食用。
\n2.不宜多吃巧克力等甜食。心脏手术之后,当小儿不愿意吃饭时,不少家长喜欢塞巧克力给小儿吃,以为这样可以保证营养。巧克力的主要成分是脂肪和糖,热量很高,但所含的蛋白质和脂肪的比例与小儿的正常需要量相差很大。多吃巧克力易造成小儿消化不良、大便秘结、食欲减退。同时巧克力含有咖啡因等成分,食用过多不仅会使小儿过度兴奋、影响休息,而且对小儿的大脑发育带来一定的不良影响。
\n3.不宜多吃罐装饮料和冷饮。目前市场上出售的罐装饮料品种繁多,不少饮料的成分主要是糖或糖精、香料、色素和水,营养却常不足。冷饮也是孩子们都喜欢吃的,但大手术后患儿的消化器官尚处于恢复调整阶段,这时患儿的消化功能往往较弱。过冷的食物进入胃内会刺激胃粘膜血管收缩、胃液分泌减少,影响食物在胃肠道内的消化过程;同时也会减弱消化道的杀菌能力,导致胃肠道发生感染性疾病。
\n4.不宜盲目进补。有些家长认为人参有滋补作用,于是给术后的孩子喝参汤。人参确有强心壮体、补气生津的功能,但不同的人参具有不同的性能,服用不当反会引起胃口减退、鼻子出血、烦躁不安等症状。另有一些补品对生长发育期间的孩子并不适宜。
\n最好的术后“补品”乃是天然食物。家长只要按着上述的几项原则,在孩子每天的饮食中注意荤素搭配、粗细均衡,在烹调时注意防止营养素的丧失和破坏,确保一日三餐吃饱、吃好,孩子一定会尽快恢复体力的。
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血清甘油三酯的正常是多少?甘油三酯偏高的危害有哪些
","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"5439","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"常用的心脏起搏器分类","content":"常用的心脏起搏器分类,适合自己病情的才是真正的好
\n1、心房按需型:电极置于心房。起搏器按规定的周长或频率发放脉冲起搏心房,并下传激动心室,以保持心房和心室的顺序收缩。如果有自身的心房搏动,起搏器能感知自身的P波,起抑制反应,并重整脉冲发放周期,避免心房节律竞争。
\n2、心室按需型:电极置于心室。起搏器按规定的周长或频率发放脉冲起搏心室,如果有自身的心搏,起搏器能感知自身心搏的QRS波,起抑制反应,并重整脉冲发放周期,避免心律竞争。但这型起搏器只保证心室起搏节律,而不能兼顾保持心房与心室收缩的同步、顺序、协调,因而是非生理性的。
\n3、双腔起搏器:心房和心室都放置电极。如果自身心率慢于起搏器的低限频率,导致心室传导功能有障碍,则起搏器感知P波触发心室起搏(呈VDD工作方式)。如果心房(P)的自身频率过缓,但房室传导功能是好的,则起搏器起搏心房,并下传心室(呈AAI工作方式)。这种双腔起搏器的逻辑,总能保持心房和心室得到同步、顺序、协调的收缩。如果只需采用VDD工作方式,可用单导线VDD起搏器,比放置心房和心室两根导线方便得多。
\n\n
4、频率自适应(R)起搏器:本型起搏器的起搏频率能根据机体对心排血量(即对需氧量)的要求而自动调节适应,起搏频率加快,则心排血量相应增加,满足机体生理需要。目前使用的频率自适应起搏器,多数是体动型的,也有一部分是每分钟通气量型的。具有频率自适应的VVI起搏器,称为VVIR型;具有频率自适应的AAI起搏器,称为AAIR型;具有频率自适应的DDD起搏器,称为DDDR型。以上心房按需起搏器、双腔起搏器、频率自适应起搏器都属于生理性起搏器。
\n5、起搏器的程序控制功能:指埋藏在体内的起搏器,可以在体外用程序控制器改变其工作方式及工作参数。埋植起搏器后,可以根据机体的具体情况,规定一套最适合的工作方式和工作参数,使起搏器发挥最好的效能,资金节省上能而保持最长的使用寿限,有些情况下还可无创性地排除一些故障,程控功能的扩展,可使起搏器具有贮存资料、监测心律、施行电生理检查的功能。
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动脉导管未闭的症状取决于导管的粗细、分流量的大小、肺血管阻力的高低、患者年龄以及 是否合并其他先天性心脏病。
\n足月患婴即使导管粗大,需出生后6~8周,待肺血管阻力下降后才出现症状。早产婴儿由于肺小动脉平滑肌较少,血管阻力较早下降,故于第一周即可有症状,往往出现气促、心动过速和急性呼吸困难等,于哺乳时更为明显,且易患感冒以及上呼吸道感染、肺炎等。
\n小儿期得到代偿,很少有自觉症状,只是发育欠佳,身材瘦小。有些儿童仅在劳累后易感到疲乏、心悸。
\n未闭导管中等大小患者一般都无症状,直至20多岁剧烈活动后才出现气急、心悸等心功能失代偿症状。
\n肺动脉高压虽然可在2岁以下出现,但明显的肺动脉高压征候大都在年龄较大才表现出头晕、气促、咯血、活动后发绀(多以下半身发绀明显)。
\n若并发亚急性心内膜炎(心脏内膜感染),则有发热、食欲不振、出汗等全身症状。心内膜炎在儿童期很少发生,而以青年期多见。
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每个婴儿出生时均有一个动脉导管,这是位于两个主要血管肺动脉和主动脉之间的通道。肺动脉内流着蓝色的静脉血由心脏的右侧流向肺脏。在肺内静脉血摄取氧气成为含氧的红色的动脉血。主动脉携带红色的含氧的动脉血运行到身体的其他部分。
\n动脉导管在胎儿期间是血液运行的正常通道,出生后不再需要而在几天内逐渐闭合。如果动脉导管未能闭合,就是动脉导管未闭,常见于早产儿,而在足月新生儿中少见。对于大多数患儿,动脉导管未闭的原因不明。
\n正常情况下,左侧心脏只泵血到主动脉,而右侧心脏只泵血刀肺动脉。动脉导管未闭时,部分血液由主动脉流入肺动脉。当动脉导管较粗时,分流的血液需要心脏加倍作功并导致肺充血。
\n当动脉导管较细时,可能没有明显的临床症状,而只能听到明显的杂音。但当动脉导管较粗时,患儿可能呼吸急促,婴儿可能难以喂养并发育迟缓。症状可能在出生后几周才出现。由于肺血增多而引起肺动脉压力增高,久而久之肺血管发生器质性改变。
\n对于较细的动脉导管,一般不需要治疗,通常会在出生后几个月内自行闭合。对于较粗的动脉导管,可以通过介入治疗进行封堵或通过手术进行结扎治疗。对于早产儿,可以通过药物促进动脉导管闭合,如果几周后还没有闭合,可以通过外科手术结扎。
\n对于较细的动脉导管或已经封堵或手术后的患儿,可以完全正常地参加日常活动,远期预后良好。
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心脏起搏器原理简单的相容来说就是一个人工的“司令部”,它的主要作用就是替代心脏的起搏点,使心脏有节律地跳动起来。心脏起搏器是由电池和电路组成的脉冲发生器组成,能定时发放一定频率的脉冲电流,通过起搏电极导线传输到心房或心室肌,使局部的心肌细胞受到刺激而兴奋,兴奋通过细胞间的传导扩散传布,导致整个心房和(或)心室的收缩。心脏的电信号使它跳动。当运行时,心脏跳动加速;当睡眠时,心脏跳动减慢。如果心电系统异常,心脏跳得很慢,甚至可能完全停止。人工心脏起膊器发出有规律的电脉冲,能使心脏保持跳动。
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早期的人工心脏起搏器的电池部分装在身体的外部,导线从体外通过静脉到达心脏。患者只能在医院内短期使用。后来,鲁内•埃尔姆奎斯特在1958年制作了一个放在体内起搏器,锌一汞电波埋在皮下。1960年,瑞典医生奥克•森宁为一位病人植入了这种起搏器。电池一直使用了2---3年才更换。在20世纪80年代,起搏器上增加了微处理器。只有在感觉需要起搏器时,病人才启动它。今天的起搏器就更复杂了,起搏器可根据血液的湿度来调节心跳。1988年,一位病人安装了一个核动力起搏器。这个起搏器使用了微量的钚,可以持续应用20年。从这心脏起搏器的发展之路就可以看出,心脏起搏器已经越来越智能,更换电池时间越来越久。
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