![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947528621.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
心力衰竭是各种心血管疾病的终末阶段，是生命的“绊脚石”，危害巨大，因此心血管病患者要积极预防，干预心衰的各种危险因素。下面小编就为你介绍几种比较有效果的预防方法，快来学学吧。
\n心力衰竭的预防方法
\n一、预防感染
\n预防感染可降低心衰的发生几率，感染尤其是肺部感染，是心血管病患者发生心衰的最常见和最重要诱发因素。肺部感染后，发热、咳嗽、心跳加快等症状都会加重心脏的负担，而且感染后产生的毒素也会直接损伤心肌，因此极易导致患者在原发心血管疾病的基础上出现心衰的症状。
\n夏季高温多雨，也是流感高发季节，心血管病患者应尽量减少外出，避免到人群密集、环境密闭的公共场所，外出时应注意戴口罩，减少与流感和感冒病毒的接触，要讲求卫生，勤洗手，避免感冒或流感的发生，以防引发肺部感染。
\n二、保持健康生活方式
\n保持健康的生活方式，能有效保护心脏功能，让心血管病患者远离心衰。研究发现，不良的生活方式不仅会导致高血压、高血脂以及冠心病等心血管疾病的发生，而且会加速这些患者心脏功能的恶化，而健康合理的生活方式则有助于保护心脏的功能。
\n日常生活中要注意加强运动锻炼，适度的运动可加强和改善心脏功能；饮食上需注重营养搭配均衡，适宜吃低脂肪、高蛋白、富含维生素、矿物质的清淡食物，且应做到三餐有节，不喝浓茶、咖啡、戒烟戒酒；保证充足的睡眠，避免劳累，对保护心脏功能也大有好处；情绪激动是诱发心衰的一大因素，因此平时应保持愉悦的心情，遇事保持平和的心态，尽量避免情绪波动。
\n三、积极治疗原发病
\n积极治疗原发疾病是防止心功能恶化的关键。有心血管疾患的人群，应该积极治疗原发疾病，严格按照医生为自己制定的治疗方案和干预措施进行治疗和康复，不能随意换用药物或擅自增减药物用量，否则不仅收不到治疗效果，甚至还会让患者病情加重，导致心功能恶化，引发心衰。
\n四、调节水盐
\n炎炎夏日，对心力衰竭患者而言是一次艰难的考验，稍有疏忽，急性发作就会不请自来。心衰患者在这个时期要注意液体的进出量和盐的摄入量，根据浮肿情况随时调整利尿药的用量，尽量不要让脚肿出来，不要出现疲乏无力感，一旦有这些症状或体征出现，就要及时化验电解质，以便更好地调整用药量和水盐的补充量。
\n另外，特别提醒心血管疾病患者，对突然发生的胸痛、气急、喘促要提高警惕，持续15分钟不能缓解者要立即到医院就诊，持续30分钟以上者，即使缓解了也要马上去医院检查。活动能力明显下降者，比如原来散步较长距离没有问题的，突然走100米就走不动了，原来爬三四层楼没问题的，突然爬两层楼就心慌气急了，也应及时到医院去诊治，以免延误治疗而危及生命。
\n五、戒烟限酒
\n一到夏天，饮食习惯就会发生一定的变化，一方面夜排档、夜宵的增加，导致暴饮暴食、饮酒无度，另一方面夏季病原菌繁殖旺盛，食物容易腐败，不洁饮食容易引起急性胃肠道感染，都可能直接或间接地诱发心血管意外事件。所以，夏季不但饮食要清淡，而且不可暴饮暴食，不可过度饮酒，注意饮食卫生。此外，吸烟是心脑血管疾病最危险的因素，且是可预防的因素，所以吸烟者一定要积极戒烟。
\n六、饮食清淡，低脂膳食，保证水分充足摄入
\n要注意饮食多样化，保持体内酸碱平衡。正常人的血液呈弱碱性，其pH值在7.35～7.45之间，可保持血管柔软。如果饮食中酸性食物过多，碱性食物太少，会破坏体内酸碱平衡。食物的酸碱性与其口感味道截然不同。食物在体内消化分解后，含钠、钾、钙元素多的食物称为碱性食物，如豆类、奶类、蛋清、水果、蔬菜、海带、茶叶等等；酸性食物如面粉、大米、肉类、糖、禽、鱼虾等等。
\n心血管病患者应多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果、豆制品，可适当吃一些瘦肉、鱼类，尽量少吃过于油腻或高脂肪食物；在睡前半小时、半夜醒来及清晨起床后最好喝一些白开水。夏季营养要注意全面均衡，要控制总热量的摄入，少吃动物脂肪和甜食，多吃鱼类等富含不饱和脂肪酸的食物，减少钠盐的摄入量。
\n0
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女,56岁。EF降低到30 出现过一次短暂性晕厥，脸部有肿胀现象
可以安装三腔起搏器吗 三腔起搏器的使用年限及费用
","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"4353","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"动脉粥样硬化发生症状是什么表现","content":"对动脉粥样硬化发生症状，大家得正确把握，积极认识动脉粥样硬化发生症状才能够为积极确诊和治疗提供依据，通常动脉粥样硬化发生症状有很多，如下便是专家的具体分析。
\n动脉粥样硬化是指动脉发生了非炎症性、退行性和增生性的病变，导致管壁增厚变硬，失去弹性和管腔缩小。现代分子学技术显示动脉粥样硬化病变都具有平滑肌细胞增生，大量胶原纤维、弹性纤维和蛋白多糖等结缔组织基质形成，以及细胞内、外脂质积聚的特点。由于在动脉内膜积聚的脂质外观呈黄色粥样，因此称为动脉粥样硬化。近些年来，微血管结构的改变日益引起重视。高血压微血管病变包括血管壁细胞肥大增生，管腔变窄及血管数目减少(微血管稀少)，在早期，这种血管稀少是功能性，主要由于血管收缩而引起无灌注现象。在后期为器质性，是解剖学上微血管的数目减少。这是导致许多器官损害的第一步。这种微血管收缩，尤在末端小动脉表现更为突出。这是由于血管紧张素对血管局部和自主神经的直接影响所引起。最近研究证明，ACEI在改变微血管器质性损害中起重要作用。
\n血液脂质含量异常，总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白或极低密度脂蛋白增高被认为是动脉粥样硬化的主要原因，同时高脂血症高血压是心血管事件发生的危险因素，降低胆固醇就能明显降低心血管事件的发生和死亡率，所以欲减少心血管事件(冠心病)的发生，就必须防治动脉粥样硬化，降低胆固醇水平，控制血压，预防高血压的合并症发生。
\n对上述动脉粥样硬化发生症状大家一定要积极的把握，因为只有积极把握动脉粥样硬化发生症状，才能够因此得出准确的确诊和治疗，最后建议大家在把握了动脉粥样硬化发生症状之后，大家一定要积极的咨询相关专家的建议。
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冠脉介入手术介入治疗，是指经心导管技术疏通狭窄甚至闭塞的冠状动脉管腔，以达到改善心肌的血流灌注目的的治疗方法。在临床中，根据穿刺部位的不同，分为以下两种路径：
\n1、股动脉路径：因为股动脉较粗大，因此穿刺的成功率也略高。但是存在术后卧床时间长、并发症的发生率较高等缺点，比如：出血、血肿、假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘和腹膜后血肿等。
\n2、桡动脉路径：改路径具有术后压迫时间短，不需卧床，患者痛苦也比股动脉路径轻，并且具有并发症少的优势，目前已逐渐成为冠脉介入手术治疗的首选路径
\n我们可以通过以下几张图来做以大概了解：
\n动脉导管途径：
\n\n
\n
心脏血管狭窄部位和X线显像：
![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947482179.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
球囊进入狭窄部位和球囊扩张：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947228132.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
支架进入及释放过程：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947023285.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
造影剂显像确认冠脉处理效果：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947355539.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
\n
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什么是冠脉造影？首先冠状动脉负责心肌血液的血管，分为左，右2支，按左右分别开口于主动脉根部的左，右主动脉窦内，开始向心脏表面延伸并不断产生分支进入心脏。血液、血管壁是不透光的，与心脏重叠，所以血管腔内如有粥样斑块或狭窄时，普通X光无法显示。冠脉造影利用特制定型的心导管，在注射显影剂的同时行X光电影摄像，这样就可清楚地将整个左或右冠状动脉的主干及其分支的血管腔显示出来，以此了解血管有无狭窄病灶存在，对病变部位，范围，严重程度，血管壁的情况等作出明确诊断，制定治疗方案，判断疗效。这是一种较为安全可靠的有创诊断技术，集诊断和治疗于一体。
\n![\"别担心，专家告诉你：什么事冠脉造影、](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501946345402.jpg\" "\\"别担心，专家告诉你：什么事冠脉造影、")
冠脉造影术在局麻下进行，因为血管及心脏内均无感觉神经，病人在血管穿刺时会感到轻微疼痛，其余无明显不适。术后需平卧18-24小时，部分患者可伴有腰背酸痛不适，起床活动后症状消失。任何手术均有发生并发症的可能，因此术前要求病人履行签字手续。冠脉造影并发症发生率0.2%~0.9%，是风险极小、相对安全、几乎无痛苦的手术。目前协和医院心内科90%以上的患者可以经桡动脉造影,经桡动脉行冠脉介入治疗手术的患者术后立即拔除动脉鞘管，桡动脉压迫、加压固定4-6小时即可。术后均可即刻随意下地活动。目前冠脉内超声显像技术及光学干涉成像技术在临床广泛应用，部分在冠脉造影中显示正常的血管内超声显像可发现内膜增厚或斑块存在，所以冠脉内超声显像及OCT比冠脉造影更为敏感，检查费也更昂贵，除非临床高度怀疑有冠心病（有众多危险因素、典型症状，心电图有异常改变）而冠脉造影正常者，才考虑上述检查。
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