{"nowTime30":1780151146130,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"近年，雾霾天气引起人们对健康的忧虑。雾霾是什么、雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面？这些已成为各方人士普遍关心的问题。\n\n雾霾是什么？\n 雾霾是雾和霾的组合词，是一种天气现象，霾天气定义为：“大量极细微的干尘粒等均匀地浮游在空中，使水平能见度小于10公里的空气。\n 霾的水分含量低于80％，因含","keywords":"专家告诉你：雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面_洞医","title":"专家告诉你：雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"0300b4bddfaf11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484985344390,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","realName":"赵玉","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"111111111111","email":"2276635444@qq.com","hospitalId":"31c19c1b453011e69d4700163e005165","departmentId":"2000","illName":"","illId":"793a72a2bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985951761.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"儿科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"2586","isDel":0,"createAt":1498097706329,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","name":"解放军总医院心血管内科","type":101,"twoCode":null,"image":"","provinceId":"110000","cityId":"请选择","illId":null,"hospitalId":"14614","keyWord":"解放军总医院心血管内科","totleTopic":62,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"description\":\"洞医为您提供:解放军总医院心血管内科（301医院心内科）电话、301医院心内科专家名单、病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让您在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"解放军总医院心血管内科_301医院心内科电话_301医院心内科专家_洞医\",\"title\":\"解放军总医院心血管内科_301医院心内科电话_301医院心内科专家_洞医\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"5495","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"雾霾的危害大，专家告诉你怎么防雾霾","content":"

  雾霾天气已引起人们对健康的忧虑。雾霾的危害大已众所周知，但怎么防雾霾？却众说纷纭，我们一起来听听专家怎么说。

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\"雾霾的危害大，专家告诉你怎么防雾霾\"

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怎么防雾霾效果更好

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1. 正确佩戴防护口罩：戴普通口罩并不能防雾霾，目前市面销售的“防雾霾”口罩，其透网滤孔径较小，呼吸顺畅度差，不太适合儿童、老年人和心肺功能不全的患者。一般而言，带有活性炭的口罩可能比普通口罩的防雾霾作用相对好一些。

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2. 关闭门窗，减少户外活动：开窗通风可以改善室内空气质量，但雾霾天时，关闭门窗，减少外出，特别是对患有慢性呼吸道疾病患者，如哮喘、慢性咽喉炎、过敏性鼻炎、心血管疾病的患者，以及老人、儿童和孕妇等减少雾霾的侵害有一定的作用。雾霾早上比下午和傍晚严重，因此雾霾天暂停晨练，将户外锻炼改在室内进行。

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3. 安装空气净化器：空气净化器应选择不产生臭氧及其他副产物的净化器。并且要按说明定期更换吸附材料，防止二次污染。可以结合使用湿化器。室内湿化器的使用有助于增加空气的湿润度，减少室内灰尘的飞扬。

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\"雾霾的危害大，专家告诉你怎么防雾霾\"

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4. 做好个人卫生：雾霾天从外面进入室内时，及时做好个人卫生，如洗头、洗脸、洗手、漱口等，洗脸时最好用温水，利于清除脸上、皮肤粘附的灰尘颗粒；清理鼻腔可用干净棉签蘸水反复清洗，或者反复用鼻子轻轻吸水并迅速擤鼻涕，注意避免呛咳。

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5. 清淡饮食，多喝水：多吃富含维生素及抗氧化的食品，可帮助清除雾霾携带的污染物在体内形成的自由基；少吃刺激性食物，多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果，以补充各种维生素和无机盐，并润肺除燥、祛痰止咳、健脾补肾；还可以多吃点豆腐、牛奶等食品；据报道，饮用罗汉果茶能及时清肺化痰，可以解决嗓子干燥、咳嗽的问题，同时减少空气污染对肺部的危害。多喝水有利于提高皮脂腺的防御和抗病能力。

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\"雾霾的危害大，专家告诉你怎么防雾霾\"

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6.吸烟可导致PM 2.5浓度瞬间升高，应及时戒烟，减少对身体的危害。

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   经常有病友背着HOLTER，但是你知道二十四小时动态心电图优点与缺点吗？知道二十四小时动态心电图注意事项吗

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二十四小时动态心电图的优势：

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　　二十四小时动态心电图可以记录患者二十四小时内心电图形。相对于普通心电图用电极记录患者在极短时间内的一段心电波形而言，，部分患者的心电图只在某些时刻出现异常，所以改部分患者做心电图可能没有问题，只有二十四小时动态心电才能发现藏得较深的缺陷。

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\"病友必看的二十四小时动态心电图注意事项及检查优势\"

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二十四小时动态心电图的不足

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    二十四小时动态心电图虽然应用广泛，但因为它的记录导联有限，所以不能反映整个心脏的情况；而且病人处于活动状态时，就会给心电图的记录质量带来影响。这些不如普通心电图。另外普通心电图记录的图形质量高，最多可记录到22个导联。所以，动态心电图的性质决定了只是普通心电图的补充，不能互相代替，做哪种检查更合适，由医生确定比较合适。

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二十四小时动态心电图注意事项

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　　二十四小时动态心电图在病人前胸贴7个电极，将受检者24小时不同状态的心电波形，连续不断地记录于记录仪中，经过综合分析以后得出结论。所以在佩带记录仪时应当注意以下事项：

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宜动不宜静

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　　佩带二十四小时动态心电图后，日常起居应与佩带前一样，受检者可以做适量运动。根据病情和检查目的；疑心绞痛患者则可以选择可能诱发疾病发作的较为激烈的运动，以便观察运动量与心肌缺血、心律失常的关系，供医生诊断参考。病情严重的患者应遵医嘱。

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皮肤宜干燥不宜潮湿

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　　电极贴在前胸皮肤上经导线与记录仪相连，如果皮肤有汗，电极与皮肤的接触就不好，就有可能造成电极脱落，受检者只得重做。因此检查日不能洗澡、避免出汗。临床上常见有些受检者运动得大汗淋漓，就会造成部分电极脱落或者心电图干扰波太多无法分析。

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记录笔记：

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  　在日常或检查期间，记录笔记对动态心电图的研究结果有非常大的帮助，尤其是在发作心慌、胸闷等不适症状时，患者应及时记录症状发作的起止时间，返还holter时将此记录提供给医生以供参考。

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","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"5496","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家总结：哮喘的症状有哪些,如何判断自己得了哮喘","content":"

   春暖花开，哮喘病友们又开始喘起来。开始打喷嚏，流鼻涕，紧接着开始胸闷 ，咳嗽，气短，嗓子眼像安了哨子似的吱吱叫，哮喘的症状仅仅这些吗，如何判断自己得了哮喘

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　　绝大多数的的哮喘患者都有长期性和发作性的特点，哮喘发作三次以上，对临床诊断有着非常重要的诊断意义。患者自觉症状包括以下几方面：胸闷、气急、即呼吸困难，可自行缓解或用平喘药物治疗而缓解。

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\"哮喘的症状有哪些,如何判断自己得了哮喘\"

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  每次哮喘发作前，多过敏性鼻炎为先兆，鼻咽发痒、眼痒、流清水样鼻涕，打喷嚏，伴胸闷、轻咳、有痰又不易咳出。对季节性发作患者，以过敏性鼻炎为前驱症状相当明显；紧接着出现胸闷、胸部压迫感、吸入气不够用，甚至断气。不能平卧，被迫坐起，头向前俯，两肩高耸，两手撑在膝上或桌上、呼气长吸气短，发出高调的鸣笛声，各种呼吸肌参与活动，颈胸肌运动明显，吸气时出现很深的陷凹。

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\"哮喘的症状有哪些,如何判断自己得了哮喘\"

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  随着病情进一步发展，肺泡内残余气体过多，将影响气体交换发生而导致缺氧，面色晦暗、口唇指甲发紫、四肢冰凉、心跳增快、脉搏细弱、大汗淋漓、情绪紧张。部分患者的哮喘发作可以呈现无明显的周期性，经常发作，需要常年用药，不少病人用药虽能控制，但缓解期时间很短。

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\"哮喘的症状有哪些,如何判断自己得了哮喘\"

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　　如果您有上述的症状，需要到医院进行相应的检查，包括肺功能检查、血液检查、和过敏原检查。在这些检查中，肺功能检查对哮喘病人的诊断和治疗都很重要。而过敏原的检查是要寻找过敏原和确定过敏原，还可以通过过敏原的浸出液做脱敏疗法。

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  找良医网提示您，如果您有上述症状，建议您及早就医。

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","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"5497","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"哮喘病的病因总结，希望对病友有所帮助","content":"

　 哮喘病的病因多由内外因素共同作用而导致的结果，因此哮喘病的防止需从内因、外因出发，进行相应的治疗。

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\"哮喘病的病因\"

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1、哮喘病内因

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　　（1） 遗传因素：哮喘是一种多基因遗传病，调查发现，家庭中患哮喘病的人数越多，其子女患哮喘病的几率也越高。

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　　（2） 体质因素：哮喘病人多为过敏性体质，在婴幼儿时多有婴儿湿疹，过敏性鼻炎，异位性皮炎等病史。

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2、哮喘病外因

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　　（1） 过敏源：①吸入性过敏源：尘螨、蟑螂、动物皮毛、花粉等。其中尘螨是诱发哮喘的最重要吸入性过敏源。尤以屋尘螨最为常见。②食物性过敏源：海鲜、牛奶、肉、蛋甚至某些蔬菜如竹笋、蘑菇等都可以成为某一特定病人的过敏源。③接触性过敏源：如油漆、某些化妆品等。

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　　（２） 感染：病毒或细菌感染，尤以病毒性呼吸道感染最为常见。蛔虫、钩虫等寄生虫诱发哮喘在农村也可见到，但目前也较为少见。

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　　（3） 吸烟与被动吸烟：有最新研究提示，同为无过敏史的母亲，在孕期吸烟者娩出的婴儿患哮喘的几率比在孕期不吸烟者高出2倍。吸烟者吸入的一支烟的烟雾中的有毒颗粒浓度是吸烟者吸入的1-4倍。其主要成分是多环烃类、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、尼古丁等，这些化学位置均可诱发哮喘。

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\"哮喘病的病因\"

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　　（4） 气候变化：气温、湿度与气压的变化也将诱发哮喘。

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　　（5） 运动：儿童因运动而诱发哮喘的可达70%以上。在寒冷季节，进行运动量较大的室外长跑，或竞争激烈的短跑、溜冰、连续跳绳等均可诱发哮喘。

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\"哮喘病的病因\"

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　　（６） 药物和化学制剂：如阿司匹林、心得安、青霉素类、磺胺类，某些平喘药如麻黄素、肾上腺素等都可引起哮喘。染料和防腐剂如酒石黄、宝石蓝、亚硝酸盐等也能诱发哮喘。

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　　（7） 精神因素：情绪波动、精神紧张、受恐吓、激动、甚至大笑之后亦可引发哮喘。

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     找良医网提示您，及早就医及早干预，将有助您康复！

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  近年，雾霾天气引起人们对健康的忧虑。雾霾是什么、雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面？这些已成为各方人士普遍关心的问题。

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\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\"

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雾霾是什么？

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  雾霾是雾和霾的组合词，是一种天气现象，霾天气定义为：“大量极细微的干尘粒等均匀地浮游在空中，使水平能见度小于10公里的空气。

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  霾的水分含量低于80％，因含有灰尘、硫酸、硝酸和有机碳氢化合物等大量极微细的粒子而呈黄色、橙灰色。霾粒子小且分布较均匀，肉眼看不到空中飘浮的颗粒物。

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  对人体健康有影响的空气悬浮颗粒物为PM10和PM2.5，均为呼吸道可吸入颗粒物。PM10可以进入人的呼吸系统，但主要沉积在大小气道，若年均PM10＞20μg/m3，则会对人体产生危害。PM2.5被吸入人体后不易被阻挡，可直接进入支气管，因此也称为可入肺颗粒物。

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\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\"

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雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面？

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  PM2.5颗粒还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20，不容易被阻挡而进入末梢气道、肺泡，甚至血液，对人体健康的影响是多方面的，包括心脑血管、呼吸系统和精神等。PM2.5颗粒可干扰肺部的气体交换，引发包括哮喘、支气管炎和心血管病等疾病的发作，对人体的危害比较大。PM2.5还可成为病毒和细菌的载体，为呼吸道传染病的传播推波助澜。国外研究表明，可吸入颗粒物浓度每上升10μg/m3，呼吸系统疾病患病率可增加3.4%，心血管病增加1.4%，每日总死亡率上升1%。据欧盟报道，PM2.5可导致人的平均寿命减少8.6个月。

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\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\"

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  雾霾天气与高血压、冠心病、脑溢血有关，可能诱发心绞痛、心肌梗塞、心力衰竭等。老年慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、哮喘、鼻炎、上下呼吸道感染、肺源性心脏病等常见的呼吸系统疾病可因雾霾而触发。   

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  雾霾还可导致人们的心理障碍、精神懒散、情绪低落、压抑等症状，其中首当其冲是增加呼吸系统疾病的发病率。对具体患者而言，疾病是否由雾霾引起很难确定，因为雾霾对人体的影响并非一朝一夕，也有个体体质因素及对雾霾成分敏感性的因素。

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