{"nowTime30":1777528824284,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"在日常生活中心肌炎患儿应注意多休息，避免体育活动。心肌炎急性期需卧床休息，减轻心脏负荷，减轻心脏氧耗，有利于疾病的恢复。此外，心肌炎应及早就医，早期积极规范治疗可给重症心肌炎抢救和治疗创造机会。要遵从医嘱，定期复查。1、充分休息，一般以1～3个月为宜;2、合理饮食，合理调养以减轻心脏负担;3、积极进","keywords":"小儿心肌炎日常生活应该注意什么_洞医","title":"小儿心肌炎日常生活应该注意什么_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"realName":null,"certifiedStatus":0,"phone":null,"email":null,"hospitalId":null,"departmentId":null,"illName":null,"illId":null,"cardType":0,"cardImg":null,"idCardImg":null,"identityType":0,"stop":0,"departmentName":null,"hospitalName":null},"fj":[],"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1180","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430614632,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"小儿心肌炎","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"6d4d3779bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:小儿心肌炎论坛_病友交流平台，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎论坛_病友交流平台\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎论坛_病友交流平台\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩心肌炎怎么治疗_心肌炎最好治疗方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩心肌炎怎么治疗_心肌炎最好治疗方法\",\"title\":\"小孩心肌炎怎么治疗_心肌炎最好治疗方法\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童心肌炎的初期症状_小孩心肌炎的症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童心肌炎的初期症状_小孩心肌炎的症状\",\"title\":\"儿童心肌炎的初期症状_小孩心肌炎的症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿心肌炎有后遗症吗_心肌炎会留下后遗症吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎有后遗症吗_心肌炎会留下后遗症吗\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎有后遗症吗_心肌炎会留下后遗症吗\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:孩子心肌炎忌吃什么食物_小孩心肌炎吃什么食物好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"孩子心肌炎忌吃什么食物_小孩心肌炎吃什么食物好\",\"title\":\"孩子心肌炎忌吃什么食物_小孩心肌炎吃什么食物好\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿心肌炎怎么引起的_诱发小儿心肌炎的病因都有哪些等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎怎么引起的_诱发小儿心肌炎的病因都有哪些\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎怎么引起的_诱发小儿心肌炎的病因都有哪些\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿心肌炎能治好吗_小孩得心肌炎好治疗吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎能治好吗_小孩得心肌炎好治疗吗\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎能治好吗_小孩得心肌炎好治疗吗\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿心肌炎预防步骤_小儿心肌炎预防方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎预防步骤_小儿心肌炎预防方法\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎预防步骤_小儿心肌炎预防方法\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童心肌炎有什么症状表现、小儿心肌炎怎样治疗、小儿心肌炎后遗症、小儿心肌炎家长们的求医经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童心肌炎有什么症状表现_小儿心肌炎怎样治疗_小儿心肌炎后遗症\",\"title\":\"儿童心肌炎有什么症状表现_小儿心肌炎怎样治疗_小儿心肌炎后遗症\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"7805","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿心肌炎应该如何预防","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510983608181.jpg\" title=\"小儿心肌炎应该如何预防\" alt=\"小儿心肌炎应该如何预防\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">找良医网</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">向您详细介绍小儿心肌炎应该如何预防，常见预防措施有哪些。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">小儿心肌炎预防</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">平日应加强锻炼，增强体质，对各种病毒感染进行预防注射，并减少受冷、发热等不良因素。在治疗过程中要预防反复感冒。新生儿期的预防须防止孕妇病毒感染，并做好产院婴儿室和母婴室的消毒隔离工作。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1180","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7399","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"病毒性小儿心肌炎患者应怎样养护、食补","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">病毒性小儿心肌炎患者应怎样养护、食补</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">多数小儿心肌炎的预后虽然良好，但前提是及早诊治。急性期应注意休息，有的家长认为孩子已不发热，便过早地让其上学或活动，常会诱发病情骤变，一般需休息</span>2周。同时家长应密切注意患儿的变化，如有心慌、憋气、烦躁不安等应立即送孩子到医院就诊。每天为孩子数4次脉搏，注意频率、强弱的变化，如果频率超过正常50%以上，有心率不齐</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510381838906.jpg\" title=\"病毒性小儿心肌炎患者应怎样养护、食补\" alt=\"病毒性小儿心肌炎患者应怎样养护、食补\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">治疗病毒性心肌炎没有特效的药物，中药黄芪、丹参静脉滴注可以改善症状，大剂量的维生素</span>C和充足的维生素B口服，对病儿也有益处。重症心肌炎需住院治疗。 </span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">病毒性心肌炎的预后与病情轻重有关，另外，年龄小、治疗晚、易复发者预后差，所以及早诊治是关键。</span> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">精心护理不可少</span> </span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">心肌炎患儿需卧床休息</span>2周。2周后安排适当的轻度活动，家长要特别注意不要让孩子太累，也不可一点不活动，这对孩子恢复和痊愈也不利。由于活动后病情会反复甚而加重，高龄儿童不要上学。同时，心肌炎引起的早搏需持续几年才会消失，此症状无特殊的治疗，注意休息和劳逸结合就显得尤为重要。同是要消除患儿不必要的顾虑，定期去医院随访。 </span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">患儿的饮食要富于营养，宜清淡易于消化，可多食牛奶、豆制品、鱼、胡萝卜等，不吃刺激性食品，为减轻心脏负担，应适当减少盐的摄入。多吃蔬菜、水果可以保证充沛的维生素</span>C及B的需要，可增强抵抗力，预防上呼吸道感染。 </span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1180","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"7398","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"患有小儿心肌炎会有哪些典型的症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510381629199.jpg\" title=\"患有小儿心肌炎会有哪些典型的症状\" alt=\"患有小儿心肌炎会有哪些典型的症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">患有小儿心肌炎会有哪些典型的症状</span>?一般由于小儿的身体免疫力很弱，所以很容易导致儿童会出现各种疾病的病症，其中一种常见的病症就是小儿心肌炎，心肌炎爱找贪玩的儿童，而且冬春是儿童感冒多发时节，所以做父母的一定要注意由感冒引发的病毒性心肌炎，下面就让我们详细的了解一下，患有小儿心肌炎会有哪些典型的症状希望对小儿心肌炎的治疗提供一些帮助。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">症状一</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">早搏是病毒性心肌的表现形式之一。多数孩子无不适，作心电图检查才被证实。若孩子情况良好，心脏没有扩大，心脏功能也正常，可以暂时不予药物治疗小儿心肌炎，早搏会慢慢减少和消失，但必须注意儿童的休息和营养。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">症状二</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">心脏传导阻滞是病毒损害了心脏的传导系统，使心脏起跳的激动在心脏不同部位不能正常地传送。患有小儿心肌炎会有哪些典型的症状</span>?轻者可以没有任何表现，仅作心电图检查才被发现;重者心跳节律变慢或不规则。若每分钟的心跳次数少于40次，小儿心肌炎会发生脑缺血，引起全身抽搐，甚至心跳突然停止。这类危重的心肌炎需住院紧急治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">症状三</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">心力衰竭是严重心肌炎的表现。小儿心肌炎有心脏扩大，心肌收缩力减退，使心脏不能有效地起到血泵的作用，从而使全身组织的供氧不能满足正常的需要。患有小儿心肌炎会有哪些典型的症状</span>?此时患儿可出现气急、面色苍白、心跳加快、脉搏微弱、不能平卧等症状。若不及时送医院治疗，会危及小儿心肌炎的生命。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">症状四</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">小儿的心脏由于对缺氧、缺血的耐受力低，所以极易出现心律失常，甚至心衰。小儿心衰一般起病急，进展迅速，有的甚至几分钟内出现呼吸困难，同时出现呕吐、烦躁、多汗、面色苍白、紫绀、四肢发凉、脉快无力，听诊肺部有罗音。此时，若不及时就诊，小儿心肌炎很可能有生命危险。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">症状五</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">孩子自我保护意识差，生病期间也会奔跑、打闹、嬉戏，这样会增加心脏的负担，使感冒进一步加重而诱发心肌损伤，甚至发展成小儿心肌炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">患有小儿心肌炎会有哪些典型的症状呢</span>?以上就是小儿患有心肌炎的具体介绍了。经过上述内容的介绍希望大家对相关的常识有所了解，与此同时要注意进行及时的治疗，这样我们才能更好的对小儿心肌炎进行治疗，减轻小儿的痛苦。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1180","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7826","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答 小儿心肌炎如何鉴别","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510992379648.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答 小儿心肌炎如何鉴别\" alt=\"专家向您解答 小儿心肌炎如何鉴别\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">找良医网</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">向您详细介绍小儿心肌炎应该如何鉴别诊断。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">小儿心肌炎鉴别</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">病毒性心肌炎主要应与以下疾病鉴别：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.风湿性心肌炎</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">多见于</span>5岁以后学龄前和学龄期儿童，有前驱感染史，除心肌损害外，病变常累及心包和心内膜，临床有发热、大关节肿痛、环形红斑和皮下小结，体检心脏增大，窦性心动过速，心前区可听到收缩期反流性杂音，偶可听到心包摩擦音。抗链“O”增高，咽拭子培养A族链球菌生长，血沉增快，心电图可出现一度房室传导阻滞。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.受体功能亢进症</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">多见于</span>6～14岁学龄女童，疾病的发作和加重常与情绪变化(如生气)和精神紧张(如考试前)有关，症状多样性，但都类似于交感神经兴奋性增高的表现。体检心音增强，心电图有T波低平倒置和S-T改变，普萘洛尔试验阳性，多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图试验心脏受体功能亢进。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3.先天性房室传导阻滞</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">多为三度阻滞，患儿病史中可有晕厥和</span>Adams-Stokes综合征发作，但多数患儿耐受性好，一般无胸闷、心悸、面色苍白等。心电图提示三度房室传导阻滞，QRS波窄，房室传导阻滞无动态变化。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4.自身免疫性疾病</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">多见全身型幼年型类风湿性关节炎和红斑狼疮。全身型幼年型类风湿关节炎主要临床特点为发热、关节疼痛、淋巴结、肝脾肿大、充血性皮疹、血沉增快、</span>C反应蛋白增高、白细胞增多、贫血及相关脏器的损害。累及心脏可有心肌酶谱增高，心电图异常。对抗生素治疗无效而对激素和阿司匹林等药物治疗有效。红斑狼疮多见于学龄女童，可有发热，皮疹，血白细胞、红细胞和血小板减低，血中可查找到狼疮细胞，抗核抗体阳性。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5.皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">多见于</span>2～4岁幼儿，发热，眼球结膜充血，口腔黏膜弥散性充血，口唇皲裂，杨梅舌，浅表淋巴结肿大，四肢末端硬性水肿，超声心动图冠状动脉多有病变。需要注意的是，重症皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征并发冠状动脉损害严重时，可出现冠状动脉梗死心肌缺血，此时心电图可出现异常Q波，此时应根据临床病情和超声心动图进行鉴别诊断。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1180","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"5666","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿心肌炎的早期症状有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">心肌炎</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">是儿童常见的心脏疾病，<strong>心肌炎</strong>是指心肌局灶性或弥漫性炎性病变，其特征为<strong>间质炎性细胞浸润</strong>，<strong>心肌坏死</strong>及<strong>变性</strong>，炎症可累及心肌肌细胞、间质组织、血管成分及心包。可由感染性及其他原因引起。感染性<strong>心肌炎</strong>包括<strong>病毒、细菌、螺旋体、真菌</strong>及<strong>寄生虫感染</strong>，其中以病毒性<strong>心肌炎</strong>最多。病情轻重不一，重者可因急性心力衰竭和心律失常死亡，轻者症状不明显，至慢性期形成扩张型<strong>心肌病</strong>始发现。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1504254255076.jpg\" title=\"小儿心肌炎的早期症状有哪些\" alt=\"小儿心肌炎的早期症状有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">可由多种病毒感染引起，如柯萨奇</span>B组病毒、埃可病毒、流感病毒、轮状病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、腺病毒、水痘—带状疱疹病毒、EB病毒等。其中以柯萨奇B组病毒引起的病毒性心肌炎最为常见。本病发病机制尚不完全明确，目前认为病毒对心肌的直接侵袭作用以及病毒感染引起的免疫功能紊乱是该病的主要发病机制。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1504253971034.JPEG\" title=\"小儿心肌炎的早期症状有哪些\" alt=\"小儿心肌炎的早期症状有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿心肌炎大致有三种症状表现：</span></span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">1.早搏是病毒性心肌的表现形式之一。多数孩子无不适，作心电图检查才被证实。若孩子情况良好，心脏没有扩大，心脏功能也正常，可以暂时不予药物治疗，早搏会慢慢减少和消失，但必须注意儿童的休息和营养。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">2.心脏传导阻滞是病毒损害了心脏的传导系统，使心脏起跳的激动在心脏不同部位不能正常地传送。轻者可以没有任何表现，仅作心电图检查才被发现；重者心跳节律变慢或不规则。若每分钟的心跳次数少于40次，患儿会发生脑缺血，引起全身抽搐，甚至心跳突然停止。这类危重的心肌炎需住院紧急治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">3.心力衰竭是严重心肌炎的表现。患儿有心脏扩大，心肌收缩力减退，使心脏不能有效地起到血泵的作用，从而使全身组织的供氧不能满足正常的需要。此时患儿可出现气急、面色苍白、心跳加快、脉搏微弱、不能平卧等症状。若不及时送医院治疗，会危及患儿的生命。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">患病毒性心肌炎后，应保证足够的休息与睡眠，避免感冒等。此外，要注意合理饮食，多食新鲜蔬菜、水果，保证膳食均衡。</span></span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1180","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7400","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"儿童心肌炎怎么治疗","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童心肌炎的综合防治和调养</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">心肌炎发病与感染、自身免疫等有关，儿童心肌炎的病因以病毒、细菌、支原体感染为主，尤其以病毒性心肌炎为常见，有病程长、易复发等特点。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510382763130.jpeg\" title=\"儿童心肌炎怎么治疗\" alt=\"儿童心肌炎怎么治疗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">病毒性心肌炎目前已成为儿童常见的心脏疾患，儿童罹患病毒感染的机会很多，而多数不发生心肌炎，在一定条件下才发病。当机体抵抗力低下时可诱发发病。发病的主要诱因有过度疲劳、反复呼吸道感染或反复消化道感染、发热、缺氧、营养不良、接受类固醇或放射治疗等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">病毒性心肌炎的病理过程可分为两个阶段</span>:早期主要为病毒感染对心肌细胞的直接损伤;随着病程的进展，病毒感染可激发免疫病理过程，从而加重或造成新的心肌损伤，这一过程慢而持久。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">从感染上病毒到出现心肌炎症状的时间长短不一，为数天至数周，大多为</span>1~3周。因病毒不一，心肌炎的初期临床表现也各不相同，可表现为“感冒”，也可表现为“肠炎”，有发热、咽痛、流涕、咳嗽、呕吐、腹泻、皮肤出疹、全身无力等;典型症状为心慌心悸、胸闷太息、面色苍白、神疲乏力、或有胸背痛疼、口唇发紫、四肢发凉;急重症还可出现气急多汗、活动受限、下肢浮肿、头晕眼花，甚至晕厥休克，猝然死亡。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">心肌炎的治疗宜采取综合措施</span>:</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">1.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">充分卧床休息，一般以</span>1~3个月为宜</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">2.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">节制饮食，合理调养以减轻心脏负担</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">3.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">积极抗感染及营养心肌，改善心肌代谢，及时纠正心律失常</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">4.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">维生素</span>C大剂量静脉注射或静滴有明显疗效</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">中医药治疗。采用中医辨证论治的方法，可有效地阻止儿童病毒性心肌炎病变的发展，并使其逆转。心肌炎时长出气是心功能不足的表现。机理是心肌收缩乏力，心脏射血量偶有减少，导致一过性肺郁血，反射性引起肺扩张，表现为深吸气，紧接着肺收缩，就表现为长出气。治疗主要是营养心肌，改善心功能。儿童心肌炎预后大多良好，部分患儿可留有顽固性心律失常等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">心肌炎临床治愈后调养应注意</span>:1.多进食西红柿、大枣等蔬菜水果，避免暴饮暴食以减轻心脏负担。2.急性期的休息十分重要。轻症应注意休息;一般病情的应休息1个月或热退后再休息3~4个星期;有心功能不全、心脏扩大者应卧床休息3~6个月，待病情好转、心脏明显缩小时再开始逐渐活动，应循序渐进，从小量开始，不要进行剧烈运动，避免过度疲劳。3.应定期到医院复查和随诊，若再有感冒或胃肠炎时，一定要及时治疗和注意休息，以防心肌炎复发。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1180","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7333","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿心肌炎病因","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510295418263.jpg\" title=\"小儿心肌炎病因\" alt=\"小儿心肌炎病因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp; (一)发病原因心肌炎常见病因。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　可引起病毒性心肌炎的病毒常见的为腺病毒</span>(特别是血清型2及5)和肠道病毒(柯萨奇病毒A及B组、埃可病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒)，其中以柯萨奇病毒B组(CVB)最为常见。其他可引起病毒性心肌炎的病毒包括：单纯疱疹病毒、水痘及带状疱疹病毒、巨细胞包涵体病毒、风疹病毒、流行性腮腺炎病毒、C型肝炎病毒、登革热病毒、黄热病病毒、狂犬病病毒、呼吸道肠道病毒等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　近年来应用聚合酶链反应</span>(PCR)技术检测病毒基因序列，提高了心肌炎的病因诊断。曾报道疑为病毒性心肌炎58例，患儿年龄2天～13岁，用PCR方法检测患者血液中人类小RNA病毒，阳性率为48%，其中4例进行斑点杂交，确定为柯萨奇B3病毒。以往由于病因诊断不明，所谓特发性心肌炎或间质性心肌炎，其中部分病例可能是病毒性心肌炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(二)发病机制</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1.发病机制 心肌炎的发病机制目前尚未完全阐明。加拿大学者Liu及Mason等根据近年的研究成果将心肌炎的发病过程分为3个阶段，即病毒感染阶段、自身免疫阶段及扩张性心肌病阶段。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　近年的研究表明，哺乳动物存在柯萨奇病毒及腺病毒共同受体</span>(CAR)，CAR可易化这些病毒与细胞接触后进入细胞内部，因而是病毒感染的关键步骤。补体弯曲蛋白衰减加速因子(DAF)及整联蛋白αVβ3及αVβ5有协助CAR的作用。病毒感染后免疫反应产生。一旦免疫系统激活，则进入自身免疫阶段。在这一阶段，T细胞因分子的类似性将宿主细胞作为目标攻击，一些细胞因子及交叉反应自身抗体均能加速这一过程。T细胞的激活与病毒肽段有关，相关细胞因子有肿瘤坏死因子α，白细胞介素-1及白细胞介素-6等。在扩张性心肌病阶段，心肌发生重塑。Badorff 及 Knowlton等研究显示柯萨奇病毒蛋白酶与心肌重塑有关。其他相关因子包括基质金属蛋白酶、明胶酶、胶原酶及弹性蛋白酶。这些酶的抑制剂的应用可明显减轻扩张性心肌病的程度。此外，病毒还可直接引起心肌细胞凋亡。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2.病理变化 心脏显示不同程度的扩大。外观上心肌非常松软。在显微镜下可见心肌纤维之间和血管周围的结缔组织中有单核细胞、淋巴细胞及中性粒细胞的浸润。心肌纤维有不同程度的变性，横纹消失，肌浆凝固和(或)溶解，呈小灶性、斑点状或大片坏死。心肌溶解，胞核和胞浆都可消失，残留细胞膜。心脏病变分布常以左室及室间隔最重，其次为右室，左、右心房最轻。病毒性心肌炎多伴有浆液纤维素性心包炎，渗液量较小。有的并有心内膜炎。在慢性病例，除心肌纤维变性外，可见成纤维细胞增生及瘢痕形成，心内膜弹力纤维增生及心室附壁血栓形成，附壁血栓脱落时可引起脑、肾、肺等梗死。电镜检查可见心肌细胞破碎，肌丝丧失，肌纤蛋白结构破坏，线粒体退行性变和钙化。从死亡病例的心包、心肌或心内膜中可分离出病毒，也可应用PCR方法在心肌、心包或心内膜中找到特异病毒核酸。电镜检查可见病毒颗粒。</span></p>","barId":"1180","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"5667","isDel":0,"createAt":1504253813314,"createBy":"a2b3a9ba8d2111e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"张小云","updateAt":1504253837773,"updateBy":"a2b3a9ba8d2111e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"张小云","userId":"a2b3a9ba8d2111e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿心肌炎日常生活应该注意什么","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">在日常生活中<strong>心肌炎</strong>患儿应注意多休息，避免体育活动。<strong>心肌炎</strong>急性期需卧床休息，减轻心脏负荷，减轻心脏氧耗，有利于疾病的恢复。此外，<strong>心肌炎</strong>应及早就医，早期积极规范治疗可给重症<strong>心肌炎</strong>抢救和治疗创造机会。要遵从医嘱，定期复查。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px\">1、充分休息，一般以1～3个月为宜;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px\">2、合理饮食，合理调养以减轻心脏负担;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px\">3、积极进行抗感染治疗，改善心肌代谢。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 37px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1504254303830.jpg\" title=\"小儿心肌炎日常生活应该注意什么\" alt=\"小儿心肌炎日常生活应该注意什么\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿心肌炎该如何饮食</span></span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">1、采用低热量饮食，以减轻心脏的负荷。在发病初期，每日热量摄入为2092-3347KJ，容量为1000-1500ml。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">2、少量多餐，每餐不可太饱，晚餐应尽量少吃。合理的就餐时间：早七点，上午九点，中午十一点，下午三点，晚上六点。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">3、应补充蛋白质，膳食宜平衡、清淡和富有营养，保证心肌的足够营养供给，促进患者早日康复。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">4、避免过冷、过热和刺激性食物，不饮浓茶、咖啡等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">5、注意钠、钾平衡，适当增加镁的摄入，这有利于防止心律失常的心力衰竭的发生和发展。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">6、心肌病并发左心衰竭者，胃肠道功能紊乱，饮食更应注意。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\">7、应适当限制盐类，避免使用腌制品或其他含盐量高的食物，每日盐摄入量以2-5克为宜，重度或难治性心力衰竭应控制在每日1克。发病开始的1-2日，可予少量流质，每日6-7次，每次100-150毫升；病情稳定后可改为半流质或普通饮食。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">心肌炎目前没有特效治疗，应结合患儿病情采取有效的综合措施，可使大部分病人痊愈或者好转。</span></span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1180","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1666,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1504253813316,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1504253813316,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"userAllInfo":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":null,"password":null,"level":0,"nickName":null,"realName":null,"signName":null,"head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":0,"userType":0,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":0,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":0,"forumUser":{"id":"a2b3a9ba8d2111e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1504056126099,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"张小云","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"张小云","realName":null,"signName":"..","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"forumUserActiveInfo":{"id":"a2b88c688d2111e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":1505471266289,"updateBy":"a2b3a9ba8d2111e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"张小云","userId":"a2b3a9ba8d2111e7a3d800163e04584d","topicCount":142,"replayCount":2,"favorteCount":0,"beFavorteCount":0,"creamCount":0,"focusCount":0,"fansCount":0,"integralCount":143,"foodCouponCount":9,"lastLoginTime":0,"lastLoginIp":null,"downloadCount":0,"uploadCount":0},"newPass":null,"focusBar":null,"counter":null,"forumUserIdentificateDto":null},"theme":{"id":"1035","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"topicTypeId":"3","topicTypeName":"其他","themeName":"饮食","barType":"102","schemaName":2,"reward":0},"page":1,"favorties":true,"isSelf":false,"order":"asc"}