{"nowTime30":1777883428595,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"(一)感染 肾病综合征患者对感染抵抗力下降的原因最主要是由于：①尿中丢失大量IgG。②B因子(补体的替代途径成分)的缺乏导致对细菌免疫调理作用缺陷;③营养不良时，机体非特异性免疫应答能力减弱，造成机体免疫功能受损。④转铁蛋白和锌大量从尿中丢失。转铁蛋白为维持正常淋巴细胞功能所必需，锌离子浓度与胸腺素","keywords":"专家向您解答  肾病综合征并发症_洞医","title":"专家向您解答  肾病综合征并发症_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"5a3adeaa985911e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1533437016805,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","realName":"周鑫","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"15525873223","email":"langlixunta@163.com","hospitalId":"14629","departmentId":"2035","illName":"","illId":"ac6f137def9411e7a3d800163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1533437073284.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"内分泌科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1732","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430762297,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"肾病","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"5ff7d83ebb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:肾病论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"肾病论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛\",\"title\":\"肾病论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:肾病怎么治疗_肾病最佳治疗方法_肾病如何治疗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"肾病怎么治疗_肾病最佳治疗方法_肾病如何治疗\",\"title\":\"肾病怎么治疗_肾病最佳治疗方法_肾病如何治疗\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:肾病的症状表现_肾病的早期症状表现_肾病的中期症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"肾病的症状表现_肾病的早期症状表现_肾病的中期症状\",\"title\":\"肾病的症状表现_肾病的早期症状表现_肾病的中期症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:肾病的危害_肾病对身体的危害_肾病综合症后遗症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"肾病的危害_肾病对身体的危害_肾病综合症后遗症\",\"title\":\"肾病的危害_肾病对身体的危害_肾病综合症后遗症\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:肾病吃什么食物好_肾病可以吃哪些水果_肾病不能吃什么等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"肾病吃什么食物好_肾病可以吃哪些水果_肾病不能吃什么\",\"title\":\"肾病吃什么食物好_肾病可以吃哪些水果_肾病不能吃什么\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:肾病是怎么回事_肾病怎么引起的_肾病怎么得的等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"肾病是怎么回事_肾病怎么引起的_肾病怎么得的\",\"title\":\"肾病是怎么回事_肾病怎么引起的_肾病怎么得的\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:肾病好治吗_肾病怎么才能治好_肾病能治愈吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"肾病好治吗_肾病怎么才能治好_肾病能治愈吗\",\"title\":\"肾病好治吗_肾病怎么才能治好_肾病能治愈吗\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:如何预防肾病_怎样预防肾病的发生_吃什么可以预防肾病等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"如何预防肾病_怎样预防肾病的发生_吃什么可以预防肾病\",\"title\":\"如何预防肾病_怎样预防肾病的发生_吃什么可以预防肾病\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:男人肾病的早期症状_肾病综合症可以治愈吗_肾病综合症能活多少年_肾病综合症病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"男人肾病的早期症状_肾病综合症可以治愈吗_肾病综合症能活多少年\",\"title\":\"男人肾病的早期症状_肾病综合症可以治愈吗_肾病综合症能活多少年\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"7613","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"肾病综合征应该如何预防","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510727944017.jpg\" title=\"肾病综合征应该如何预防\" alt=\"肾病综合征应该如何预防\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">向您详细介绍肾病综合征应该如何预防，常见预防措施有哪些。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征预防</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">预防：本病发病和预后与多种因素有关，预防要从自身健康着手，注意合理饮食，增强体质，提高免疫力，避免接触有毒物质、有害药物及化学物品，以减少其对肌体的损害，并应积极预防感染和各种疾病发生。影响肾综病人疗效和长期预后的重要因素是肾病综合征的并发症，应积极预防和治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合症患者常伴有胃肠道粘膜水肿及腹水，影响消化吸收。宜进易消化、清淡、半流质饮食。肾病时尿蛋白大量丢失，体内处于低蛋白状态，在上世纪八十年代末之前，主张高蛋白饮食</span>(1.2～1.5克/kg.d)，企图缓解低蛋白血症及随之引起的一系列并发症。但动物实验及人类肾脏病观察均证实：高蛋白饮食，虽然肝脏合成白蛋白增加，但尿蛋白排出量也增加，并无助于纠正低蛋白血症，反使肾小球毛细血管高灌注、高压力及高滤过，加速肾小球非炎性硬化。限制蛋白质摄入量可减缓慢性肾功能损害的发展。故目前主张优质蛋白饮食，每天每公斤体重0.7～1.0克。 肾病综合症患者几乎都有高脂血症，限制动物脂肪摄入，饮食中供给丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸(如鱼油)及植物油(豆油、菜子油、香油)。高度水肿者限制钠盐摄入，每天摄入食盐量小于3克，适当补充微量元素。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7612","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"肾病综合征饮食原则 肾病综合征饮食保健","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510728346253.jpg\" title=\"肾病综合征饮食原则 肾病综合征饮食保健\" alt=\"肾病综合征饮食原则 肾病综合征饮食保健\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"> &nbsp;&nbsp;1、肾病综合征食疗方：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1)、淮麦粳米粥</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">配方：淮山药</span>100克、小麦100克、粳米5 0克。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">制作方法：淮山药</span>(鲜)切小丁250克。若无鲜淮山药就将干淮山药用碎粉机打成100目粉末。将小麦、粳米洗净，按常规煮粥方法，将麦米煮开花后，把干淮山药粉100克用水调稀，慢慢倒入粥锅内，边倒边顺一方向搅均，再煮5分钟即可。若用鲜淮山药时，将山药丁、麦、米按常规煮粥方法制作，但一定要水开后再将小麦、粳米、山药丁倒入锅中，常搅动，待米烂汁稠即可食用。每日2～3餐随量食用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">功效：养阴清热止渴。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">按语：但脾肺虚寒、痰湿内盛者不宜食用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2)、麦粳粥</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">配方：麦门冬</span>50克，粳米150克。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">制作方法：将洗净的麦门冬用烤箱烤干打成</span>100目粉末(用量30克)，鲜品洗净切成细末备用(鲜品量50克)把粳米洗净放入砂锅内，加足水按常规煮粥法，待粥米开花倒入鲜麦门冬末，煮熟后即可。若用麦门冬粉时用清水调成稀糊，待米煮开花时倒入粥内，边倒边顺一方向搅匀，沸后煮几分钟即可，每日2～3餐温食，作为主食。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">功效：养阴润肺、清心除烦、益肾生津。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">按语：现代研究表明麦门冬有降低血糖作用，并能促进胰岛细胞恢复。但脾胃虚寒泄泻、痰饮及风寒咳嗽者忌用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3)、地骨皮饭</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">配方：地骨皮</span>1 5克、粳米300克、青蛙280克。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">制作方法：地骨皮洗净，加水煎成浓汁备用</span>;青蛙宰杀后去皮、内脏，洗净切块备用;粳米按常规煮焖成干饭;炒锅放油煸炒青蛙，放入料酒，倒入地骨皮浓汁焖 热，调入精盐、味精、调料拌匀即可，倒入粳米饭上面再焖5分钟即可食用，将饭与青蛙拌匀作为主食，中晚餐温服。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">功效：滋阴清热，补虚益损。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">按语：本饭有补虚而清热之功</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4)、苦瓜烩瘦肉</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">配方：苦瓜</span>1 50克、精猪瘦肉1 0 0克、盐、味精、菜油适量。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">制作方法：精猪瘦肉洗净去肥肉筋，切簿片，用水芡粉拌匀，加微盐码味备用</span>;苦瓜洗净切簿皮，炒锅放油把肉片过油五成熟起锅、锅内留底油少许把苦瓜煸炒至七成熟放微盐，把肉片倒入锅内烩炒几下，放入调味料装盘即可。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">功效：养阴清热、除烦止渴。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">按语：脾胃虚寒者不宜食用。乌豆炖猪肉汤</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">配方：乌豆</span>5 0克、精瘦猪肉200克、精盐少许。制作方法：乌豆选洗干净后用温水浸泡8小时，猪瘦肉切蚕豆大的粒。将砂锅洗净，把乌豆连泡豆水一同倒入砂锅内，倒入瘦肉粒，倒少量料酒，武火烧开文火炖90分钟，炖熟烂后即可，吃时放少许盐、味精。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">功效：补肾。用于糖尿病性慢性肾炎的补益。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5)、乌龟清炖猪肚汤</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">配方：乌龟</span>1只(1斤左右者)，猪肚一个(1斤左右者)、精盐少许。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">制作方法：将乌龟杀死去头、壳肉分离去内脏、足爪，洗净血水，切小块备用</span>;猪肚洗净去油脂再反复用碱、醋置净切小块，与龟肉一道放入砂锅内，加适量水，放少许料酒，用武火烧开，文火炖熟透，吃时加少许盐、味精即可。早晚各一次，两天内服完，间隔一天后再服一剂，七天为一疗程。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">功效：滋阴益气，用于糖尿病性，慢性肾炎的补益。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、肾病综合征吃哪些食物对身体好：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1)、宜食清淡易消化食物，忌海鲜、牛肉、羊肉、辛辣刺激性食物、酒及一切发物如：五香大料、咖啡、香菜等;尤其是阴虚的患者 如：舌红、脉洪大，盗汗、大便干、血尿等症;但阳虚的患者如：舌淡苔白、脉沉，身寒肢冷、便稀、可食热性食物。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2)、宜食新鲜蔬菜和适量水果，适当饮水;忌食一切补品、补药及易上火食品如：辣椒、荔枝、巧克力等。特别是阴虚内热如舌紫、 脉滞，胸闷、腹胀等有瘀症的患者。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3)、尿毒症患者保持大便通畅，可多食用含有纤维的食物。每日应排便2∽3次为宜，不熬夜，节制性生活，注意休息、避免受凉。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、肾病综合征好不要吃哪些食物：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1)、水肿重者应忌盐，限制蛋白食物的入量，少饮水。水肿不重，可进低钠盐饮食;无浮肿不限制饮水和蛋白食物的入量;镜下血尿 者及宜上火者多饮水，多食苹果、白糖、黑芝麻、木耳等养阴降火的食品。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2)、尿毒症高血钾者忌食高钾食品如：香蕉、柑橘、土豆、西红柿、南瓜、茶叶、酱油、味精;血钾低的患者相反。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3)、血尿酸高者尤其忌食动物内脏、鱼虾蟹蚌、啤酒、菇类、豆类、菠菜。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"11491","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家告诉您肾病易导致什么并发症","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">本文为大家介绍的是肾病的并发症，其实，肾病是以肾小球基底膜通透性增高为主的症侯群，可由多种病因引起，其临床特征为大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症及全身水肿。找良医网告诉您肾病易导致的并发症如下：</span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1516444580141.jpg\" title=\"专家告诉您肾病易导致什么并发症\" alt=\"专家告诉您肾病易导致什么并发症\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">感染：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">由于大量免疫球蛋白自尿中丢失，血浆蛋白降低，影响抗体形成。肾上腺皮质激素及细胞毒药物的应用，使病人全身抵抗力下降，极易发生感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">冠心病：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病患者常有高脂血症及血液高凝状态，因此容易发生冠心病。据专家研究报告，肾病病人的心肌梗塞发生率比正常人高</span>8倍。尽早治疗，尽早远离冠心病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">血栓形成：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病患者容易发生血栓，尤其是膜性肾病发生率可达</span>25％～40％。形成血栓的原因有水肿、病人活动少、 静脉淤滞、高血脂、血液浓缩使粘滞度增加、纤维蛋白原含量过高及v、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、x因子增加和使用肾上腺皮质激素而血液易发生高凝状态等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">急性肾功能衰竭：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病患者因大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高脂血症，体内常处在低血容量及高凝状态。呕吐、腹泻、使用抗高血压药及利尿剂大量利尿时，都可使肾脏血灌注量骤然减少，进而使肾小球滤过率降低，导致急性肾功能衰竭。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">电解质及代谢紊乱：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">反复使用利尿剂或长期不合理地禁盐，都可使肾病患者继发低钠血症</span>;使用肾上腺皮质激素及大量利尿剂导致大量排尿，若不及时补钾，容易出现低钾血症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"8059","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"那么肾炎的病因有哪些?","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511318998988.jpg\" title=\"那么肾炎的病因有哪些?\" alt=\"那么肾炎的病因有哪些?\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、先天因素。有的患者在出生之后就处于身体营养缺乏、营养不良的状态，这样长期下去会导致机体的各项功能出现异常，肾脏也会受到牵连，导致肾炎的发病。对于此类人群，一定要重视日常营养的补充，及时进行有效的治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、饮食不合理。肾炎的发病还有一个原因就是饮食的不合理，包括挑食、暴饮暴食等。如果每天的营养不足就会导致身体的正常代谢供应不上，长期下去导致身体处于虚弱劳累状态，最终引发肾炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、病毒的感染。是最主要的导致肾炎的病因之一，肾炎的病毒是可以直接的侵犯肾的组织的，也是可以以病毒为抗原所引起的免疫的复合物的肾炎，流感的病毒、腮腺炎的病毒、肝炎的病毒、麻疹的病毒、水痘的病毒它等是都可以引起肾脏的病变的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、受性生活的影响。女性在进行性生活时，由于尿道口受到压迫，出现内陷的情况，使前尿道的细菌很容易进入膀胱，导致感染，进而增加了患肾炎的危险。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、基因出现变化。患者的基因如果出现变化(在这里主要指的是基因突变)，也会引起肾炎的发病。一般的基因突变发生在胚胎时期，由于受到各种因素的影响，会使患者的基因出现改变，进而导致肾脏的病变，引发肾炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、过度疲劳。很多肾炎患者才发病之前长期处于疲劳状态，使身体的各个器官不能够得到充足的休息，这样下去会逐渐的加重肾脏的排毒负担，形成恶性循环，最终就会使肾脏出现病变，引起肾炎的发病。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"8053","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"如何判断有肾病 12个信号需警惕","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511318311321.jpg\" title=\"如何判断有肾病 12个信号需警惕\" alt=\"如何判断有肾病 12个信号需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、尿有泡沫</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">尿里有泡沫的原因有多种，其中如果蛋白质从肾脏漏到了尿里，尿就会起许多泡沫。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、腰痛</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾脏的位置在腰部的脊柱两侧，所以肾脏有病时，会感到腰痛。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、没劲儿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾功能不好时，很多废物难以从尿里排泄出去，会出现精神不振、疲劳、乏力等没劲儿的感觉。肾脏有病，蛋白质等营养物质从肾脏漏出，通过尿液排出体外，也会有没劲儿的表现。有些患者会以为是过于劳累，或者是其他原因，而忽视了肾脏问题。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、不想吃</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">不想吃饭、厌食，甚至恶心、呕吐，也是肾脏病的常见症状。有些患者总是先去到消化科或者肝病科，看看是不是得了胃病或肝病，一看没胃病和肝病，就搁置不管了，忘了看肾病医生，结果耽误了病情。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、尿多尿少</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">健康的人每天排尿次数大约</span>4—6次，尿量约800—2000毫升，如果排尿次数和尿量过多或过少，就要注意了。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、水肿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">饮水太多，或者是睡眠时间过长、过于肥胖等，眼睑、脸部、小腿等部位可以出现轻微的水肿，或者一过性的水肿，如果不是这样，就要怀疑是不是肾脏有了问题。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">7、贫血</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">贫血的患者经常会去血液科看贫血，其实，肾脏除了有排泄废物等功能外，还有内分泌功能，分泌造血激素，当肾功能损害时，也会造成贫血。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">8、尿蛋白和尿潜血</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">尿里有蛋白或者潜血，是肾脏有病的重要指征，查一查尿常规就可以明确。但有时非肾病专业的医生会忽视这一点儿，建议最好找肾病专业医师咨询。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">9、糖尿病</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">糖尿病会引起肾脏病，它的名字叫糖尿病肾病，是糖尿病的并发症。糖尿病肾病分五期，在早期的时候治疗效果较好，一旦晚了，就很难治，会发展为尿毒症。所以，糖尿病患者，一定要常看看肾科。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">10、高血压</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">高血压可以引起高血压肾病，也叫高血压肾损害，所以有高血压病的人要多加注意。当然，肾脏病也会导致高血压，血压如果高了，要当心是不是得了肾脏病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">11、痛风、高尿酸血症</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">痛风、高尿酸血症都是血液中尿酸过多造成的，血液尿酸高的人，尿酸会沉积在肾脏里，使肾功能受损伤。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">12、尿路感染</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">经常尿路感染的人，时间长了，有可能造成肾功能不全。我接触过不少尿路感染的患者，因早期治疗不及时、不彻底，也不了解会导致肾功能不好，结果等发现时，已经错过了最佳治疗时机。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7608","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答 肾病综合征症状诊断","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510727725750.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答 肾病综合征症状诊断\" alt=\"专家向您解答 肾病综合征症状诊断\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp; 一、症状：</span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">&nbsp; 肾病综合征有</span>4个主要特征，即大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症、和全身显著水肿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp; 1.大量蛋白尿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">&nbsp; 大量蛋白尿是肾病综合征的标志。主要成分是白蛋白，也含有其他血浆蛋白成分。肾小球基底膜通透性变化是蛋白尿产生的基本原因，电荷屏障和机械屏障</span>(肾小球毛细血管孔径屏障)的变化，肾小管上皮细胞的重吸收和分解代谢能力对蛋白尿的形成也有影响。肾小球滤过率、血浆蛋白浓度和蛋白摄入量等直接影响蛋白尿的程度。肾小球滤过率降低时，蛋白尿会减少;严重低蛋白血症时，尿蛋白排出量可增加，高蛋白饮食会使尿蛋白排出增加;因此，仅以每天蛋白定量的方法，不能准确判断尿蛋白的程度，可进一步做白蛋白清除率、尿蛋白/肌酐(&gt;3.5常为肾病范围蛋白尿)。尿蛋白电泳检出尿中IgG成分增多提示尿蛋白选择性低。尿蛋白选择性无肯定的临床价值，现已少用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.低蛋白血症</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">是肾病综合征必备的第二特征。血清白蛋白低于</span>30g/L。肾病综合征时肝脏对白蛋白的合成增加，当饮食中给予足够的蛋白质及热卡时，患者的肝脏每天合成白蛋白约22.6g，比正常人每天15.6g显著增多。当肝脏合成白蛋白的代偿作用不足以弥补尿蛋白的丢失量时，才会出现低蛋白血症。低蛋白血症和尿蛋白排出量之间是不全一致的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征患者通常呈负氮平衡，在高蛋白负荷时，可转为正氮平衡，高蛋白负荷可能因肾小球滤过蛋白增加而使尿蛋白排出增多，故血浆蛋白升高不明显，但同时服用血紧张素转换酶抑制药，可阻抑尿蛋白的排泄，血白蛋白浓度可明显上升。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">值得注意的是，低蛋白血症时，药物与白蛋白的结合会有所减少，血中游离药物浓度升高，可能会增加药物的毒性反应。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征时多种血浆蛋白成分可发生变化，</span>α2及β球蛋白增加，α1球蛋白多正常。IgG水平明显下降，而IgA、IgM、IgE水平多正常或升高，纤维蛋白原、凝血因子Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ可升高，可能与肝脏合成升高有关，伴血小板数目增加，抗凝血酶Ⅲ(肝素有关因子)降低，C蛋白和S蛋白浓度多正常或增高，但活性下降。这均会有助于发生高凝状态。尿中纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)的增加，反映了肾小球通透性的变化。总之，血中凝聚及凝集的各种前因子均增加，而抗凝聚及纤溶作用的机制受损。由于高胆固醇血症和高纤维蛋白原血症的联合影响，血浆黏滞度增加，当血管内皮受损时，易产生自发性血栓形成。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">另外，转运蛋白也减少，如携带重要金属离子</span>(铜、铁、锌)的蛋白下降，与重要激素(甲状腺素、皮质素、前列腺素)及有活性的25-(OH)D3结合的蛋白也下降，后者可导致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进，钙磷代谢紊乱，引发肾性骨病。持续的转铁蛋白减少，使糖皮质激素在受治病人体内游离和结合的激素比率改变，导致该药代谢和疗效发生改变。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3.高脂血症</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">本病总胆固醇、三酰甘油明显增加，低密度脂蛋白</span>(LDH)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDH)水平升高。高脂血症与低白蛋白血症有关，LDL/HLDL仅于血清白蛋白低于10～20g/L时才升高。高密度脂蛋白(HDL)正常或下降。LDL/HDL比率升高，使发生动脉硬化性合并症的危险增大，高脂血症与血栓形成及进行性肾小球硬化有关。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">患者可呈脂质尿，尿中出现双折光的脂肪体，可能为内含胆固醇的上皮细胞或脂肪体管型。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4.水肿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">患者最引人注意的症状是逐渐加重的全身水肿，初始晨起眼睑、面部、踝部可见水肿</span>;随着病情发展水肿波及全身，并出现胸腔积液、腹水、心包积液、纵隔积液、阴囊或阴唇水肿，也可出现肺水肿。严重者双眼不能睁开，头颈部变粗，皮肤可呈蜡样苍白，加之胸、腹水的存在，故出现明显呼吸困难，不能平卧只能端坐位。若有皮肤损伤，则组织内液溢出且不易停止。水肿与体位关系明显，如出现与体位无关的水肿，应疑及静脉血栓形成。水肿的严重程度一般与低白蛋白血症的程度呈正相关。一般认为水肿主要是由大量蛋白尿引起血浆蛋白(尤其白蛋白)下降，血浆胶体渗透压减低，血管内水分向组织间隙移动所致。另有认为本征的水肿与原发性肾性钠水潴留有关，可能的因素是：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">①肾小球滤过率下降;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">②肾小管重吸收增加;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">③远端小管对血浆心房肽(ANP)反应能力下降。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7607","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"肾病综合征辨证论治","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510727389358.png\" title=\"肾病综合征辨证论治\" alt=\"肾病综合征辨证论治\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征中医治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.中医治疗：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">中医辨证治疗依据中医望、闻、问、切四诊诊断手段及八纲、病因、脏腑等辨证方法，我们常归纳为以下几种证型。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1)脾肾阳虚：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：症见一身皆肿，小便不利，身瞩动，恶寒无汗，四肢清冷，甚则沉重疼痛，舌质淡，舌体胖大，苔薄白脉沉紧。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：脾肾阳虚，水湿不化，开阖失司，水液不能正常运行而停于体内，溢于肌肤，故见水肿、小便不利</span>;脾肾阳虚，水湿内动，故见身闰动;脾肾阳虚，阳气不能达于肌肤四肢，故见恶寒无汗，四肢清冷，舌质淡，体胖大。苔薄白、脉沉紧，均为脾肾阳虚，水湿内阻之象。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2)肝肾阴虚：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：素禀阳盛的患者，面部及下肢皆肿，伴见口渴欲饮，口苦纳呆，大便干结，手足心热，舌质偏红，苔薄自，脉见细数或弦细。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：由于素禀阳盛或过用激素及中药温补，导致肝肾阴虚，影响水液代谢，致水湿内停，溢于肌肤，故可见面部及下肢浮肿</span>;肝肾阴虚，易生内热，加之水湿内停，湿热相合，产生湿热，故见口渴欲饮，口苦纳呆等证。其余舌脉均为肝肾阴虚之象。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3)气阴两虚：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：全身浮肿，下肢尤甚，伴神疲短气、腹胀纳差，手足心热，口咽干燥，腰酸腰痛，头晕头痛，口渴喜饮，舌质淡红有齿痕，苔薄，脉沉细或弦细。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：本证多由脾肾气虚或肝肾阴虚日久，气损及阴，阴损及气发展而来</span>;气虚不能化水，阴虚不能化气，均可致水湿内停而引起水肿、神疲乏力，腹胀纳差，均为气虚所致;手足心热，口咽干燥多为阴虚所为;其余脉证多为气阴两虚所致。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4)风热犯肺：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：一身悉肿，面目尤甚，或伴有恶寒发热，头痛身痛，脉浮苔薄，或多见反复感染性病灶。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候分析：由于体虚感受风邪，邪客肌表内舍于肺，肺失宣降，水道不通，风水相搏，风遏水阻，泛滥肌肤而发为水肿。伴见恶寒发热、头痛、身痛等外感症状。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5)气滞水停：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：全身浮肿较重，反复发作，腹胀明显，胸闷短气，恶心呕吐，尿少，尿黄，舌质红，苔薄黄，脉弦滑等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：由于水停三焦日久，阻滞气机，或因肝郁气滞，肝失疏泄，皆可使气机不畅，水道不通，终致气滞水停而形成水肿，且反复发作。由于气机阻滞，故伴见腹胀、胸闷短气等症。水湿内停，气机阻滞，胃失和降，胃气上逆，故见恶心呕吐</span>;气机不畅，水液不能排泄，故尿少、尿黄。水湿内停不化津，故舌质红;脉弦滑为气机阻滞之象。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6)湿热壅滞：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：全身浮肿，面红气粗，口苦口粘，口干不欲饮水，或痤疮感染，或继发疮疖，小便短涩。大便不畅，舌尖边红，苔薄黄腻，或苔黄，脉滑数或弦数。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：由于上壅木郁，三焦气化不利，水湿内蕴，积久化热，热蒸湿郁，湿热壅滞形成水肿</span>;湿热上扰，津不上承，故见面红气粗、口苦口粘，口干不欲饮水等;湿热壅盛肌肤外发，故见颜面痤疮或皮肤疮疖;湿热下注，则见小便短涩，大使不畅;其余舌脉均系湿热壅滞之象。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"4878","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏","content":"<p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp; “</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height: 200%;font-family:宋体\">简直是闻所未闻，竟然有人接受了200多次体外冲击波碎石！”近日，来自四川南部县的邹先生让成都多家医院的医生十分震惊。在20年时间里，邹先生接受了惊人的200多次体外冲击波碎石，而在花掉40多万元后，他最终得到的结果是——2016年他几乎每周尿血一次；结石充满了他的右肾、长度达10厘米；右肾功能仅剩2成左右。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height: 200%;font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1495885528484.jpg\" title=\"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏\" alt=\"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏\" width=\"418\" height=\"314\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　邹先生今年52岁，于1995年发现患有肾结石，1997年突发肾绞痛，从此踏上了漫漫求医路。邹先生说，1997年至1998年下半年，他几乎每周到医院碎石一次，差不多有70次，并于1999年2月接受了开放式手术，对堵塞输尿管的结石进行了处理。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　从2001年开始，邹先生的右肾结石又长大并出现疼痛症状。从此，他就陷入了反复体外碎石、右肾结石反复长大的怪圈。从2001年到2014年，他接受碎石累积超过140次，花费超过30万元。2014年后，邹先生的右肾结石不再疼痛，便暂时停止了治疗。2016年，他又突然出现血尿症状，基本上每周都要血尿一次，“有医生说是结石问题导致尿路感染，我就自己买抗生素自治，一血尿就吃。”</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　今年春节后，不堪忍受的邹先生决定再次到成都治疗。他超过200次的体外碎石经历，让多家大医院的专家均感到震惊。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　在四川结石病医院，经过仔细检查，医生发现邹先生的结石已将其右肾空间填得严严实实，成为了一个“老姜”状的铸型结石，长端达到10厘米，同时右肾功能也仅剩2成左右。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　四川结石病医院泌尿一科窦医平主任认为，邹先生经历了令医生都感到震惊的200多次体外碎石和多次手术，而结石仍反复生长，存在几个因素：</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　首先，邹先生的右侧输尿管上段存在狭窄情况，这会导致患者右侧肾脏分泌的尿液排泄不畅，容易结晶成石；其次，邹先生反复出现尿路感染，导致感染性结石的形成，加速结石的生长；第三，体外冲击波碎石后，结石残渣内的细菌复出、不易排尽，也可能嵌入组织，导致结石再生几率增加。另外，邹先生平时喝水少，久坐多、运动少等，也是期肾结石反复生长的重要原因。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　窦医平表示，过频过滥接受体外碎石，可使人体组织受损，特别是肾实质的损伤，肾脏小血管会破裂出血，严重时，可引起肾破裂、肾萎缩，诱发急性肾衰，导致肾切除；其次，患高血压的几率也会增加。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　“目前医学界最新的肾结石诊疗规范指出，体积大于2厘米、位置不利于排石、质地较为坚硬的肾结石，均不适于体外冲击波碎石。”窦医平表示，接受体外碎石的患者，其同一部位最多只能接受不超过3至5次的体外碎石，每次碎石间隔不低于10至14天。一旦出现碎石无效，或效果不明显时，应及时改行微创腔镜碎石取石术，方可有效保护肾脏功能不受进一步损伤。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　面对邹先生的巨大右肾结石，日前，窦医平为其实施了多通道3镜联合分期手术，历经5次手术，包括4次经皮肾镜、输尿管镜碎石取石术、1次输尿管软镜碎石取石术，先后在其腰部建立了3个取石通道，才将邹先生右肾内的巨大结石粉碎并清除。手术中，医生还为邹先生处理了右侧输尿管狭窄的问题，进一步减少了其结石再生的几率。目前，邹先生即将康复出院。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1495885277230.jpg\" title=\"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏\" alt=\"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏\" width=\"422\" height=\"317\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　夏季是泌尿系结石的高发季节。窦医平建议公众，平时应注意多饮水，多排尿，每日尿量应保持在2升左右；其次，少食用高草酸食物，如菠菜等；限制高盐、高蛋白、高嘌呤饮食；多食用富含纤维素的蔬菜，以及富含枸橼酸的水果，如橙子等；经常运动、控制体重，可以有效预防泌尿系结石的发生。（完）</span></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"7610","isDel":0,"createAt":1510727244683,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家向您解答  肾病综合征并发症","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510727552653.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答  肾病综合征并发症\" alt=\"专家向您解答  肾病综合征并发症\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(一)感染 肾病综合征患者对感染抵抗力下降的原因最主要是由于：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">①尿中丢失大量IgG。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">②B因子(补体的替代途径成分)的缺乏导致对细菌免疫调理作用缺陷;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">③营养不良时，机体非特异性免疫应答能力减弱，造成机体免疫功能受损。</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">④转铁蛋白和锌大量从尿中丢失。转铁蛋白为维持正常淋巴细胞功能所必需，锌离子浓度与胸腺素合成有关。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑤局部因素。胸腔积液、腹水、皮肤高度水肿引起的皮肤破裂和严重水肿使局部体液因子稀释、防御功能减弱，均为肾病综合征患者的易感因素。在抗生素问世以前，细菌感染曾是肾病综合征患者的主要死因之一，严重的感染主要发生在儿童和老人，成年人较少见。临床上常见的感染有：原发性腹膜炎、蜂窝织炎、呼吸道感染和泌尿道感染。一旦感染诊断成立，应立即予以治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(二)高凝状态和静脉血栓形成 肾病综合征存在高凝状态，主要是由于血中凝血因子的改变。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">包括</span>Ⅸ、Ⅺ因子下降，V、Ⅷ、X因子、纤维蛋白原、β-血栓球蛋白和血小板水平增加。血小板的粘附和凝集力增强。抗凝血酶Ⅲ和抗纤溶酶活力降低。因此，促凝集和促凝血因子的增高，抗凝集和抗凝血因子的下降及纤维蛋白溶解机制的损害，是肾病综合征产生高凝状态原因。抗生素、激素和利尿剂的应用为静脉血栓形成的加重因素，激素经凝血蛋白发挥作用，而利尿剂则使血液浓缩，血液粘滞度增加。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征时，当血浆白蛋白小于</span>2.0g/d1时，肾静脉血栓形成的危险性增加。多数认为血栓先在小静脉内形成，然后延伸，最终累及肾静脉。肾静脉血栓形成，在膜性肾病患者中可高达50%，在其他病理类型中，其发生率为5%～16%。肾静脉血栓形成的急性型患者可表现为突然发作的腰痛、血尿、白细胞尿、尿蛋白增加和肾功能减退。慢性型患者则无任何症状，但血栓形成后的肾瘀血常使蛋白尿加重，或对治疗反应差。由于血栓脱落，肾外栓塞症状常见，可发生肺栓塞。也可伴有肾小管功能损害，如糖尿、氨基酸尿和肾小管性酸中毒。明确诊断需做肾静脉造影。Doppler超声、CT、IMR等无创伤性检查也有助于诊断。血浆β血栓蛋白增高提示潜在的血栓形成，血中α2-抗纤维蛋白溶酶增加也认为是肾静脉血栓形成的标志。外周深静脉血栓形成率约为6%，常见于小腿深静脉，仅12%有临床症状，25%可由Doppler超声发现。肺栓塞的发生率为7%，仍有12%无临床症状。其他静脉累及罕见。动脉血栓形成更为少见，但在儿童中，尽管血栓形成的发生率相当低，但动脉与静脉累及一样常见。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(三)急性肾衰</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">急性肾衰为肾病综合征最严重的并发症，常需透析治疗。常见的病因有：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">①血液动力学改变：肾病综合征常有低蛋白血症及血管病变，特别是老年患者多伴肾小动脉硬化，对血容量及血压下降非常敏感，故当急性失血、呕吐、腹泻所致体液丢失、外科损伤、腹水、大量利尿及使用抗高血压药物后，都能使血压进一步下降，导致肾灌注骤然减少，进而使肾小球滤过率降低，并因急性缺血后小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性及坏死，导致急性肾衰。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">②肾间质水肿：低蛋白血症可引起周围组织水肿，同样也会导致肾间质水肿，肾间质水肿压迫肾小管，使近端小管包曼囊静水压增高，GFR下降。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">③药物引起的急性间质性肾炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">④双侧肾静脉血栓形成。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑤血管收缩：部分肾病综合征患者在低蛋白血症时见肾素浓度增高，肾素使肾小动脉收缩，GFR下降。此种情况在老年人存在血管病变者多见。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑥浓缩的蛋白管型堵塞远端肾小管：可能参与肾病综合征急肾衰机制之一</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑦肾病综合征时常伴有肾小球上皮足突广泛融合，裂隙孔消失，使有效滤过面积明显减少。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑧急进性肾小球肾炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑨尿路梗阻。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(四)肾小管功能减退</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征的肾小管功能减退，以儿童多见。其机制认为是肾小管对滤过蛋白的大量重吸收，使小管上皮细胞受到损害。常表现为糖尿、氨基酸尿、高磷酸盐尿、肾小管性失钾和高氯性酸中毒，凡出现多种肾小管功能缺陷者常提示预后不良。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(五)骨和钙代谢异常</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征时血循环中的</span>VitD结合蛋白(Mw65000)和VitD复合物从尿中丢失，使血中1，25(OH)2VitD3水平下降，致使肠道钙吸收不良和骨质对PTH耐受，因而肾病综合征常表现有低钙血症，有时发生骨质软化和甲旁亢所致的纤维囊性骨炎。在肾病综合征进展的肾衰所并发的骨营养不良，一般较非肾病所致的尿毒症更为严重。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(六)内分泌及代谢异常</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征尿中丢失甲状腺结合蛋白</span>(TBG)和皮质激素结合蛋白(CBG)。临床上甲状腺功能可正常，但血清TBG和T3常下降，游离T3和T4、TSH水平正常。由于血中CBG和17羟皮质醇都减低，游离和结合皮质醇比值可改变，组织对药理剂量的皮质醇反应也不同于正常。由于铜蓝蛋白(Mw151000)、转铁蛋白(Mw80000)和白蛋白从尿中丢失，肾病综合征常有血清铜、铁和锌浓度下降。锌缺乏可引起阳萎、味觉障碍、伤口难愈及细胞介导免疫受损等。持续转铁蛋白减少可引起临床上对铁剂治疗有抵抗性的小细胞低色素性贫血。此外，严重低蛋白血症可导致持续性的代谢性碱中毒，因血浆蛋白减少10g/L，则血浆重碳酸盐会相应减少3mmol/L。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1009,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510727244685,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510727244685,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"userAllInfo":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":null,"password":null,"level":0,"nickName":null,"realName":null,"signName":null,"head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":0,"userType":0,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":0,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":0,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"forumUserActiveInfo":{"id":"8acedcfeaf1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":1611056061967,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","topicCount":8346,"replayCount":65,"favorteCount":0,"beFavorteCount":0,"creamCount":95,"focusCount":1,"fansCount":1,"integralCount":13965,"foodCouponCount":6624,"lastLoginTime":0,"lastLoginIp":null,"downloadCount":0,"uploadCount":0},"newPass":null,"focusBar":null,"counter":null,"forumUserIdentificateDto":null},"theme":{"id":"1034","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"topicTypeId":"2","topicTypeName":"治疗","themeName":"并发症","barType":"102","schemaName":2,"reward":0},"page":1,"favorties":true,"isSelf":false,"order":"asc"}