{"nowTime30":1779726402053,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"找良医网提示，根据目前公认的病因，注意下列几点，可能预防子宫内膜异位症的发生。一、避免在临近月经期进行不必要的、重复的或过于粗暴的妇科双合诊，以免将子宫内膜挤入输卵管，引起腹腔种植。二、妇科手术尽量避免接近经期施行。必须进行时，术中操作要轻柔，避免用力挤压宫体，否则有可能将内膜挤入输卵管、腹腔。三、","keywords":"子宫内膜异位症应该如何预防_洞医","title":"子宫内膜异位症应该如何预防_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"5a3adeaa985911e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1533437016805,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","realName":"周鑫","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"15525873223","email":"langlixunta@163.com","hospitalId":"14629","departmentId":"2035","illName":"","illId":"ac6f137def9411e7a3d800163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1533437073284.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"内分泌科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1419","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430683910,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"子宫内膜异位症","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"6665789cbb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:子宫内膜异位症论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"子宫内膜异位症论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛\",\"title\":\"子宫内膜异位症论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:子宫内膜异位症的治疗方法_怎么治疗子宫内膜异位等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"子宫内膜异位症的治疗方法_怎么治疗子宫内膜异位\",\"title\":\"子宫内膜异位症的治疗方法_怎么治疗子宫内膜异位\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:子宫内膜异位症的症状有哪些_子宫异位症有哪些症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"子宫内膜异位症的症状有哪些_子宫异位症有哪些症状\",\"title\":\"子宫内膜异位症的症状有哪些_子宫异位症有哪些症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:子宫内膜异位症的危害_子宫内膜异位后遗症有哪些等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"子宫内膜异位症的危害_子宫内膜异位后遗症有哪些\",\"title\":\"子宫内膜异位症的危害_子宫内膜异位后遗症有哪些\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:子宫内膜异位饮食禁忌_子宫内膜异位吃什么食物好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"子宫内膜异位饮食禁忌_子宫内膜异位吃什么食物好\",\"title\":\"子宫内膜异位饮食禁忌_子宫内膜异位吃什么食物好\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:子宫内膜异位原因_为什么会子宫内膜异位等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"子宫内膜异位原因_为什么会子宫内膜异位\",\"title\":\"子宫内膜异位原因_为什么会子宫内膜异位\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:子宫内膜异位同房出血_子宫内膜异位能生育吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"子宫内膜异位同房出血_子宫内膜异位能生育吗\",\"title\":\"子宫内膜异位同房出血_子宫内膜异位能生育吗\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:子宫内膜异位怎么预防_子宫内膜异位症预防等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"子宫内膜异位怎么预防_子宫内膜异位症预防\",\"title\":\"子宫内膜异位怎么预防_子宫内膜异位症预防\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:医源性子宫内膜异位症的症状 腰酸_子宫内膜异位症的治疗方法_子宫内膜异位症病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"医源性子宫内膜异位症的症状 腰酸_子宫内膜异位症的治疗方法\",\"title\":\"医源性子宫内膜异位症的症状 腰酸_子宫内膜异位症的治疗方法\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"10097","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"预防子宫内膜异位需要多运动","content":"<p style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1514529237968.jpg\" title=\"预防子宫内膜异位需要多运动\" alt=\"预防子宫内膜异位需要多运动\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">子宫内膜异位症的症状与体征随异位内膜的部位而不同，并与月经周期有密切关系。其症状是痛经、不孕和性交疼痛等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">子宫内膜异位症是指原本属于子宫里面的内膜组织，生长到子宫外面的地方而引起的一组临床症状。它们可以散落在腹腔或腹膜的表面，也有可能长成卵巢囊肿（称为巧克力囊肿）或子宫肌瘤（称子宫肌腺症）。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　　子宫内膜异位的主要症状是痛经、不孕和性交疼痛，这三大问题困扰女性的日常生活，甚至影响婚姻质量。子宫内膜异位也是妇科中最复杂的疾病，妇产科医生也常感棘手，因为它最不容易治疗，会导致粘连，四处生长，治疗之后又很容易复发。减少排卵的次数，可以减少内膜异位的组织增生，怀孕是最自然的方式，吃避孕药是另一种选择，但是，肥胖和抽烟女性不适合吃避孕药。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　　经常参加运动的女性，身体免疫系统较为健全，多运动预防子宫内膜异位。运动者体内白细胞特别是吞噬细胞活跃，能吞噬处理流窜的经血和内膜组织。此外，运动能增加体内雄性激素的浓度，雄性激素能对抗女性激素的作用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　研究显示多运动预防子宫内膜异位，每周运动超过</span>2小时的女性，得子宫内膜异位的几率比没有运动者少了一倍。其中以练习跑步和弹跳效果最佳，因为这两种运动对肌肉和关节的牵拉和刺激作用最强，后者又能提高雄性激素的浓度。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1419","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"8157","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"子宫内膜异位症饮食原则","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511496361296.jpg\" title=\"子宫内膜异位症饮食原则\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症饮食原则\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">子宫内膜异位症食疗方（找良医网温馨提示：以下内容仅供参考）</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、月季花汤：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">月季花</span> 15g，红糖适量，煎汤顿服。适用于气滞血瘀的不孕症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、山楂炭汤</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">山楂炭</span>30g，红糖30g，向日葵子15g，煎汤2 小碗，日2次分服。适用于血瘀型痛经。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、阳起石牛肾粥：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">阳起石</span>30克用纱布包裹，加水1.5升煎1小时，取澄清煎液，入牛肾1个、大米50克、适量水，如常法煮粥，粥熟后入油盐及调料食。1次/日。主治阳虚血瘀型子宫内膜异位症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、木耳汤：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">黑木耳</span>15克、红糖适量共加水500毫升煮烂食。分2次服，1剂/日。主治血瘀型子宫内膜异位症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、荔枝核饮：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">荔枝核、首香各</span>30克炒黑，研细末。服3克/次，温酒送下。经前3日开始服，2次/日，服至经净。 主治气滞血瘀型子宫内膜异位症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、鸡蛋川芎酒饮：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">鸡蛋</span>2个，川芎9克加水600毫升同煎，蛋熟后去壳略煮，酌加黄酒，食蛋饮汤。月经前3日开始服，1剂/日，连服5日/疗程。主治气滞血瘀型子宫内膜异位症;症见经行腹痛，胀满不适。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">7、桃仁粥 ：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">桃仁</span>15克揭烂，加水浸泡，研汁去渣，与粳米50克同入沙锅，加水500毫升，文火煮成稀粥，调红糖适量食。隔日1剂，早、晚各服1次。主治血瘀型子宫内膜异位症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">8、益母草煮鸡蛋 ：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">益母草</span>45克，延胡索15克，鸡蛋2个，加水800毫升同煮，蛋熟后去壳略煮，去药渣，吃蛋饮汤。月经前2日开始服，1次/日，连服5日。主治血瘀型子宫内膜异位症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">9、粳米薤白粥 ：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">粳米</span>60克、薤白10克加水1升煮粥。每晨服1次，经前开始，连服1周。主治气滞血瘀型子宫内膜异位症;症见经行腹痛，胀满不适。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">10、黑豆红花饮 ：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">黑豆、红糖各</span>30克及红花6克同入锅，加水2升，煮沸10分钟后取汁。10～20毫升欣，代茶饮。主治血瘀型子宫内膜异位症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">11、鲫鱼汤 ：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">血竭、乳香各</span>10克装入鲫鱼1尾(约250克)之鱼腹，加水500毫升煮汤，服汤食肉。1次/日，连服3～5日。主治气滞血瘀型子宫内膜异位症。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1419","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"8155","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"子宫内膜异位症容易与哪些疾病混淆","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511496461118.jpg\" title=\"子宫内膜异位症容易与哪些疾病混淆\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症容易与哪些疾病混淆\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">一、子宫肌瘤</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">子宫肌瘤常表现类似症状。一般子宫内膜异位症痛经较重，为继发、渐进。子宫一致性胀大，但不甚大。如伴发其他部位异位内膜时，则有助于鉴别。确实困难者可试用药物治疗，如症状迅速</span>(用药1～2个月)改善，诊断倾向于子宫内膜异位症。应当指出，子宫腺肌病可与子宫肌瘤同时存在(约10%)。一般术前较难鉴别，须待手术切除子宫的病理检查。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　二、附件炎</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">卵巢的子宫内膜异位症，往往误诊为附件炎症。二者都能在盆腔形成有压痛的固着包块。但子宫内膜异位症病人无急性感染病史，患者多经各种抗炎治疗而毫无效果。并应详细询问痛经开始时期及疼痛程度。这种病例往往子宫直肠窝处有异位内膜结节，如仔细检查当可查出，有助诊断。必要时可用药物试探治疗，观察有无疗效来鉴别。一般在卵巢的子宫内膜异位症，输卵管往往通畅。因此可试用输卵管通水试验，如通畅，则可排除输卵管炎症。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　三、卵巢恶性肿瘤</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">卵巢癌误诊为卵巢的子宫内膜异位症，则延误治疗，故必须慎重。卵巢癌不一定有腹痛症状，如有往往也为持续性，不像子宫内膜异位症的周期性腹痛。检查时卵巢癌为实质感，表面凹凸不平，体积亦较大。卵巢的子宫内膜异位症还可能伴发其他部位的子宫内膜异位症，而兼有各该部位病变的体征。对于不能鉴别的患者，年龄大的应实行剖腹探查，年纪轻的可短时按子宫内膜异位症治疗，以观察疗效。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　四、直肠癌</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">当子宫内膜异位症侵犯直肠、乙状结肠而范围较广时，往往在该处形成硬块，造成部分梗阻，个别情况异位子宫内膜侵及肠粘膜引起出血，则更似直肠癌。但直肠癌的发生率远较肠子宫内膜异位症的发生率高。一般直肠癌患者体重减轻明显，肠出血较频，与月经无关，无痛经。肛诊时肿瘤固定于肠壁，肠壁四周皆狭窄。钡灌肠可见肠粘膜不平，钡充盈不良范围小。乙状结肠镜检查看到溃疡，出血，活检可确诊。肠子宫内膜异位症体重不减轻，肠很少出血，个别出血也在月经期发生，痛经较重。肛诊时粘膜与其底部肿块不相粘连，仅前壁发硬。钡灌肠显示肠粘膜光滑，钡充盈不良范围广。</span></span></p>","barId":"1419","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"12986","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"子宫内膜异位症的慢慢艰辛求医路","content":"<p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">很多年前我就许过愿望，若我被医好，能当上妈妈的时候，我就一定要用自己的经历来鼓励姐妹们，今天来还愿了。我已经是一个拥有宝贝女儿的妈妈。说起我的子宫内膜异位症，可以肯定的是自己与老公的第一个宝宝做掉后得的，那时考虑我们彼此年轻，也就轻率做了错误的决定，在我一次一次的求医路，我想那应该是对我们的惩罚，每次去那个流产的医院，我都会眼圈发红，幻想时间倒流</span>……</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 32px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1521079306122.jpg\" title=\"子宫内膜异位症的慢慢艰辛求医路\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症的慢慢艰辛求医路\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">之前我也不知道什么是异位症，后来经期不调，导致贫血，在</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">10</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">年末去医院检查，发现自己有子宫肌瘤，而且</span>10厘米左右大小，当时都崩溃了，医生做的腹腔镜手术，让术后恢复2年，而且要尽快怀孕，容易复发。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">年备孕未成功，肌瘤检查复发了，天都黑了，想和老公分手，医生确诊内膜异位症，不好怀孕，这期间我打了</span>5针激素药，导致曾经还算苗条的我肥肿了。第二次手术肌瘤剔除，而且内膜异位到卵巢了。第三次手术巧囊，医生明确说自然怀孕希望不大，建议试管，不要做这次手术了，我和老公决定做手术再看看，因听说试管副作用也挺大，术后又是2针激素药，抑制来月经。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">从那以后，我开始吃中药半年多，自己熬。每天坚持跑步，让自己的心情放松，不在情绪低落，每天调节心情。节日去寺庙拜佛。就这样过一年，我自然怀孕了，我都不敢相信，当验血报告出来了，我和老公都哭了，这一路太心酸不易，幸好我们等到了。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">姐妹们，我写的很简单，但其中的辛苦不是言语可以说清的。我发此文，就是告诉和我同症状的姐妹们，不要灰心，心情很重要，病要治，但要调理好心情，祝愿姐妹们都能如愿。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1419","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"5585","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;\"><strong style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">子宫内膜异位症</span></strong><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">是指有活性的内膜细胞种植在子宫内膜以外的位置而形成的一种女性常见妇科疾病。内膜细胞本该生长在子宫腔内，但由于子宫腔通过输卵管与盆腔相通，因此使得内膜细胞可经由输卵管进入盆腔异位生长。目前对<strong style=\"line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37px; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 38px; font-size: 19px;\">子宫内膜异位症</span></strong>发病的机制有多种说法，其中被普遍认可的是子宫内膜种植学说。<strong style=\"line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37px; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 38px; font-size: 19px;\">子宫内膜异位症</span></strong>多发生于生育年龄的女性，青春期前不发病，绝经后异位病灶可逐渐萎缩退化。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503915995412.jpg\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" /></span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; line-height: 200%;\"><strong style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">子宫内膜异位症</span></strong><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">的主要病理变化为异位内膜周期性出血及其周围组织纤维化，形成异位结节，痛经、慢性盆腔痛、月经异常和不孕是其主要症状。病变可以波及所有的盆腔组织和器官，以卵巢、子宫直肠陷凹、宫骶韧带等部位最常见，也可发生于腹腔、胸腔、四肢等处。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">一、</span><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">主要病因多为</span></span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">1.种植学说</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">经血逆流，内膜种植。月经期，经血从宫口、阴道排出体外是顺流而下，但是有小部分经血或因其他原因夹杂着脱落的子宫内膜碎片，由输卵管道流入腹腔，种植在盆腔脏器的表层形成子宫内膜异位病灶。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">2.化生内膜</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">浆膜上皮，化生内膜。人体在胚胎发育时期，卵巢表面上皮、腹膜、脐部均由体腔上皮化生而来，这些组织在性腺激素、炎症、机械因素的刺激下能够转化，形成另一种组织，同样可以化生为子宫内膜。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503916479107.jpg\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" /></span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">3.良性转移</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">血液、淋巴良性转移。这是一种较为罕见的发病原因。出现在肺部、脑膜、心包、四肢及其他远端的子宫内膜异位症，是通过血液循环或淋巴系统将子宫内膜碎屑转移停留在某脏器或组织上而发病。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">4.医源性的内膜移植</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">这是一种人为造成的使子宫内膜移植到某些部位，多见于剖宫产术，早期中期妊娠行刮宫术，分娩时行会阴侧切术，人工流产术等过程中。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">5.免疫防御功能缺陷</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">随经血逆流至腹腔的子宫内膜，如同一种异物，会激活身体内的免疫系统，动员出大量的免疫细胞及体液围歼消除，假如体内免疫功能缺陷，就会发展成为子宫内膜异位症。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">6.遗传因素</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">子宫内膜异位症具有一定的遗传倾向和家族聚集性，有家族病史的人患此病居多。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503916019139.jpg\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" /></span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">二、</span></span><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">主要表现症状</span></span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">1.痛经</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">痛经是子宫内膜异位症最典型的症状。医学术语是继发性痛经进行性加剧。开始无疼痛，随着时间推移，慢慢地出现痛经，并逐步加剧。可以发生在月经前，月经时及月经后。开始阶段能够忍受，数月或年后有的痛经加剧需要止痛剂，严重阶段疼痛难忍，止痛剂加量甚至无效。疼痛由于子宫内膜异位症内部出血刺激局部组织炎性反应引起。子宫内膜异位症病灶分泌前列腺素增加，导致子宫肌肉挛缩，痛经势必更为显著。月经过后，出血停止，疼痛缓解。痛经不仅与病变严重性有关而且与子宫内膜异位症种植部位有关。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">2.月经异常</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">可以表现为月经过多或者周期紊乱。造成月经异常多数与子宫内膜异位症影响卵巢功能有关。子宫内膜异位症患者可以发生卵巢功能失调，如排卵异常等。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503916645841.jpg\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" /></span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">3.不孕</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">子宫内膜异位症患者常伴有不孕。患者中</span>40%～50%出现不孕。主要是因为子宫内膜异位症常可引起输卵管周围粘连影响卵母细胞捡拾；或因卵巢病变影响排卵。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">4.性交疼痛</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">子宫直肠陷凹、阴道直肠隔的子宫内膜异位症可以引起性交痛（深部触痛），经期排便次数增加、疼痛（里急后重）。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\">5.其他</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">子宫内膜异位至膀胱者，出现有周期性尿频、尿痛、血尿。腹壁瘢痕及脐部的子宫内膜异位症则出现周期性局部肿块及疼痛。肠道子宫内膜异位症患者可出现腹痛、腹泻或便秘，甚至有周期性少量便血。异位内膜侵犯和压迫输尿管时，可出现一侧腰痛和血尿，但极罕见。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503916690365.jpg\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症常见症状与病因早知道\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" /></span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">三、</span></span><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">体检体征</span></span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">妇科检查时可发现在子宫直肠陷凹、子宫骶韧带或宫颈后壁，触及一个或更多硬性小结节，如绿豆或黄豆大小，触痛明显。阴道的异位病灶多位于后穹隆，检查可见在后穹隆处有触痛结节，严重者呈黑紫色。卵巢血肿常与周围粘连、固定，检查时可触及张力较大的包块并有压痛，破裂后发生内出血，表现为急性腹痛。</span></span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1419","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"8158","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"子宫内膜异位症一般治疗","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511496555555.jpg\" title=\"子宫内膜异位症一般治疗\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症一般治疗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">1.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">激素治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(一)丹那唑：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">是一种合成甾体</span>α-乙炔睾丸酮的衍生物。其主要作用是抑制下丘脑GnRH产生，从而使FSH、LH合成及释放减少，导致卵巢功能受抑制。亦可直接抑制卵巢甾体激素的合成或竞争性与雌孕激素受体结合，从而导致异位内膜萎缩，不排卵及闭经。丹那唑还有轻度雄激素作用，产生毛发增多，声音变低沉，乳房变小及痤疮出现等男性化表现。丹那唑 &nbsp;另一常见副作用是水分潴留及体重增加。患有高血压、心脏病或肾功能不全者不宜应用。丹那唑主要通过肝脏代谢，并可能对肝细胞产生一定损害，故患有肝疾患的妇女禁用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">常用剂量为</span>400mg/d，为2～4次口服，从月经开始服用，一般在1个月左右症状即有所减轻。如无效，可加至600～800mg/d，取得效果后再逐渐减至400mg/d。疗程一般为6个月，90～100%均取得闭经的效果。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">丹那唑对盆腔腹膜的内异症疗效较好，对大于</span>1cm直径卵巢异位肿块疗效较差。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(二)内美通(Nemestran)：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">即</span>3烯高诺酮(R2323)，为19去甲睾丸酮衍生物，具有较高抗孕激素活性及中度抗雌激素作用，抑制FSH及LH分泌、使体内雌激素水平下降，异位内膜萎缩、吸收。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(三)促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1982年Meldtum及Lemay报道，应用LHRHa治疗内异症获得良好效果。LHRH对垂体有双相作用。LHRH大量持续应用，使垂体细胞呈降调反应，即垂体细胞受体被激素占满无法合成释放FSH、LH、而起反调节作用。副反应为潮热、阴道干燥、头痛、阴道少量流血等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(四)三苯氧胺(Tamoxifen，TMX)：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为双苯乙烯衍生物。剂量为</span>10mg/d，月经第五天开始，20天为1疗程。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(五)合成孕激素：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">可用炔异诺酮、炔诺酮或甲孕酮</span>(安宫黄体酮)等作周期性治疗，使异位内膜退化。从月经周期第六天开始至第二十五天，每日口服上述一种药物5～10mg。疗程视治疗效果而定，此法可抑制排卵。因此，对希望生育者，可从月经周期第十六天开始到第二十五天，每日应用炔异诺酮或炔诺酮10mg。这样既可控制子宫内膜异位症，又不致于影响排卵。部分病例在治疗期有较重的副作用，如恶心、呕吐、头痛发胀、子宫绞痛、乳房疼痛以及由于水分潴留及食欲改善而体重过度增加等，给予镇静剂、止吐剂、利尿药及低盐饮食可以减轻。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">睾丸素：对本症也有一定疗效。应用剂量应随病人之耐受量而定。最好开始剂量为</span>10mg，每日2次，于月经周期后2周开始口服。这种剂量很少影响月经周期及发生男性化副作用。但要达到止痛目的常需持续服用几个周期。此后可减低剂量再维持治疗一个时期后，停药观察。如能妊娠，则本病即能治愈。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.手术治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">手术治疗为子宫内膜异位症的主要方法，因为在直视下可以基本上明确病灶范围和性质，对解除疼痛，促进生育功能效果较好，疗程短尤其对重症者，纤维化多，粘连紧密，药物不易奏效。较大卵巢内膜样囊肿，药物治疗无效，手术尚有可能保留有效卵巢组织。手术可分为保守性手术，半根治性手术和根治性手术</span>3种。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(一)保守性手术：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主要用于年轻、有生育要求者。保留子宫及附件</span>(尽量保留双侧)，只是切除病灶，分离粘连，重建卵巢，修复组织。近年来应用显微外科手术，切除异位病灶，仔细缝合创面，重建盆腔腹膜，仔细止血，彻底冲洗，使手术效果臻于完善，提高手术后妊娠成功率，降低复发率。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">通过腹腔镜检查，可明确诊断，可用特种设计的刀、剪、钳等进行病灶切除，分离粘连。在腹腔镜下可用</span>CO2激光器或氦-氖激光器烧灼病灶，即在耻骨联合上2cm处做第二切口，激光刀通过这切口的套管进入盆腔，在腹腔镜直视下烧灼病灶。也可经腹腔镜穿刺吸出囊液，再用生理盐水冲洗，然后注入无水乙醇5～10ml，固定5～10分钟后吸出，最后用生理盐水冲洗后吸出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">在腹腔镜下还可行输卵管通液检查。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">对手术剥离术后或腹腔镜下穿刺后复发病例，可考虑超声下穿刺术及药物治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">用于较严重病灶粘连患者，尤其是无腹腔镜设备医疗机构或腹腔镜掌握不熟练者，皆可实行剖腹手术分离粘连，挖除卵巢子宫内膜样囊肿，尽可能保留正常的卵巢组织，如病灶仅限于一侧且较重，另一侧正常，有人主张将病侧附件切除。这样做妊娠率较保留病侧卵巢后的妊娠率高。还可做简单子宫悬吊术。是否做骶前神经切除值得商榷。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">保守手术的重要目的之一，为希望妊娠足月分娩，故术前应对夫妇双方进行彻底的不孕检查。术后复发者仍可再次采用保守手术，仍可获得疗效。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(二)半根治手术：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">无生育要求，病灶严重，而年龄较轻者</span>(&lt;45岁)，可行子宫和病灶全切，但尽可能保留一侧正常的卵巢组织，以避免绝经期症状过早出现。一般认为半根治术后复发率低，后遗症少。切除子宫可去除具有活力的子宫内膜细胞种植的来源，从而可减少复发机会。但因保留了卵巢仍有可能复发。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(三)根治性手术：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">年龄接近绝经期，尤其病情重，有过复发者，应实行全子宫及双侧附件切除。手术时尽可能避免卵巢内膜囊肿破裂。囊液流出时应尽快吸尽，冲洗。术后出现更年期综合症者，可用镇静剂及尼尔雌醇。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">腹壁、会阴切口处发生子宫内膜异位症者，应彻底切除，否则会复发。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">子宫内膜异位症患者常合并排卵功能障碍，故不论采用激素治疗或保守性手术治疗，皆可用</span>HMG或/及克罗米芬促卵泡成熟排卵。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">如为不育而实行保守手术治疗者，可应用激素治疗</span>3～6个月以巩固疗效。但有人认为，术后1年是妊娠最易发生的时间，用丹那唑或假孕治疗，反而减少受孕机会而不主张用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3.放射治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">虽然放疗用于子宫内膜异位症已有多年历史，但应用多种药物及手术达到很高疗效，一般不破坏卵巢功能，而放射治疗子宫内膜异位症的作用，在于破坏卵巢组织，从而消除卵巢激素的影响，使异位的内膜萎缩，达到治疗的目的。放射线对异位的内膜破坏作用并不明显，但对既不能耐受激素治疗又因病灶位于肠道、泌尿道及广泛盆腔粘连，尤其是合并心、肺或肾等严重疾病，本人又十分惧怕手术的个别患者，也可采用体外放疗，破坏卵巢功能，达到治疗目的。即便个别接受放疗者，必须先明确诊断，特别是不能将恶性卵巢肿瘤误诊为子宫内膜囊肿，以至错治而延误正确治疗。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1419","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"8154","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答  子宫内膜异位症病因","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511496278294.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答  子宫内膜异位症病因\" alt=\"专家向您解答  子宫内膜异位症病因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">一、种植学说</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">最早（</span>1921）有人认为，盆腔子宫内膜异位症的发生，系子宫内膜碎片随经血逆流，通过输卵管进入盆腔而种植于卵巢或盆腔其他部位所致。临床上在月经期行剖腹探查时可在盆腔中发现经血，且经血中查见子宫内膜。剖宫手术后所形成的腹壁疤痕子宫内膜异位症，是种植学说的好例证。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">二、浆膜学说</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">亦名化生学说，认为卵巢及盆腔子宫内膜异位症系由腹膜的间皮细胞层化生而来。副中肾管是由原始腹膜内陷发育而成，与卵巢的生发上皮、盆腔腹膜、闭锁的腹膜凹陷，如腹股沟部的腹膜鞘状突（努克管）、直肠阴道隔、脐等，都是由体腔上皮分化而来。凡从体腔上皮发生之组织，均有潜在能力化生成几乎与子宫内膜不能区分的组织，因而腹膜间皮细胞可能在机械性（包括输卵管通气、子宫后位、宫颈阻塞）、炎性、异位妊娠等因素刺激下，易发生化生而成异位症的子宫内膜。卵巢表面的生发上皮因属原始体腔上皮，更具有分化的潜能。在激素、炎症的影响下就可分化成胚胎时所能形成的各种组织，包括子宫内膜。卵巢是外在性子宫内膜异位症中最易累及的部位，用化生学说很易解释。种植学说不能解释超越盆腔以外的子宫内膜异位症的发生原因。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">三、免疫学说</span> 1980年Ｗeed等报道，异位内膜周围有淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润，巨噬细胞内含有铁血黄素沉着及不同程度的纤维化。他们认为是由于异位内膜病灶做为异物，激活了机体的免疫系统所致。此后，许多学者从细胞免疫、体液免疫等方面探讨内异症的病因及发病机理。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（一）细胞免疫功能缺陷</span> 1.T淋巴细胞功能缺陷；2.自然杀伤细胞（natural killer cell，NK）功能缺陷：NK细胞是一群异质性多功能的免疫细胞，其功能特征是不需抗体存在，不需经抗原致敏，即可杀伤某些肿瘤细胞或病毒感染细胞，在体内免疫监护中起重要作用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（二）体液免疫功能缺陷</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">有关子宫内膜异位组织发生的理论还有：</span>①淋巴播散学说。认为子宫内膜可经淋巴道播散，先后有人发现宫旁淋巴结及髂内淋巴结中含有子宫内膜组织。但这一学说的弱点在于区域性淋巴结中央很少见到内膜组织，常发部位也不符合正常的淋巴引流；②血流播散学说。根据文献报道，在静脉、胸膜、肝实质、肾脏、上臂、下肢等均曾发现过异位的子宫内膜。一些学者认为最大可能是内膜经过血流播散至上述组织、器官而致，且曾在兔肺内引起实验性子宫内膜异位症。但有人认为这些情况，虽可能是通过血行播散所致，但局部化生这一因素仍不能排除，因胸膜亦由体腔上皮分化而来。在胚胎期产生胚芽及中肾管时，有可能发生体腔上皮异位于其中，日后组织可化生而在各该部形成子宫内膜异位症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">不论异位子宫内膜来源如何，其生长均与卵巢内分泌有关，临床资料可以说明，如此症多半发生在生育期妇女（</span>30～50岁占80%以上），且常并发有卵巢功能失调。切除卵巢后，则异位内膜萎缩。异位子宫内膜的生长主要依靠雌激素，妊娠期孕激素分泌较多，异位内膜即受到抑制。长期口服合成孕激素如炔异诺酮，造成假孕，亦可使异位内膜萎缩。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1419","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"8156","isDel":0,"createAt":1511495898129,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"子宫内膜异位症应该如何预防","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511496045493.jpg\" title=\"子宫内膜异位症应该如何预防\" alt=\"子宫内膜异位症应该如何预防\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">找良医网提示，根据目前公认的病因，注意下列几点，可能预防子宫内膜异位症的发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一、避免在临近月经期进行不必要的、重复的或过于粗暴的妇科双合诊，以免将子宫内膜挤入输卵管，引起腹腔种植。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">二、妇科手术尽量避免接近经期施行。必须进行时，术中操作要轻柔，避免用力挤压宫体，否则有可能将内膜挤入输卵管、腹腔。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">三、及时矫正过度后屈子宫及宫颈管狭窄，使经血引流通畅，避免淤滞，引起倒流。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">四、严格掌握输卵管通畅试验</span>(通气、通液)及造影的操作规程，不可在月经刚干净或直接在刮宫这一周期进行，以免将内膜碎片经输卵管压入腹腔。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">五、剖宫产及剖宫取胎术中应注意防止宫腔内容溢入腹腔，在缝合子宫切口时，勿使缝线穿过子宫内膜层，缝合腹壁切口前应用生理盐水冲洗，以防内膜种植。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">由于原因是多方面的，上述的预防意见也仅对少数情况适用，经血倒流本身是否致成子宫内膜异位症尚有争议。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span 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