{"nowTime30":1777528830709,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"在心肌炎中，病毒性心肌炎占了60%-70%以上，而病毒性感冒与病毒性心肌炎的关系可以说是密不可分。引起感冒的许多病毒，如流感病毒、腺病毒、柯萨奇病毒、Echo病毒等同样会引起心肌炎。这些病毒本身会攻击人体的上呼吸道，也同样会攻击心肌细胞。而且人体免疫的代谢物———细胞因子对我们的心肌细胞也有损害。一","keywords":"预防小儿心肌炎 父母请这样做_洞医","title":"预防小儿心肌炎 父母请这样做_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"5a3adeaa985911e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1533437016805,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","realName":"周鑫","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"15525873223","email":"langlixunta@163.com","hospitalId":"14629","departmentId":"2035","illName":"","illId":"ac6f137def9411e7a3d800163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1533437073284.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"内分泌科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1180","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430614632,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"小儿心肌炎","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"6d4d3779bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:小儿心肌炎论坛_病友交流平台，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎论坛_病友交流平台\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎论坛_病友交流平台\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩心肌炎怎么治疗_心肌炎最好治疗方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩心肌炎怎么治疗_心肌炎最好治疗方法\",\"title\":\"小孩心肌炎怎么治疗_心肌炎最好治疗方法\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童心肌炎的初期症状_小孩心肌炎的症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童心肌炎的初期症状_小孩心肌炎的症状\",\"title\":\"儿童心肌炎的初期症状_小孩心肌炎的症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿心肌炎有后遗症吗_心肌炎会留下后遗症吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎有后遗症吗_心肌炎会留下后遗症吗\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎有后遗症吗_心肌炎会留下后遗症吗\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:孩子心肌炎忌吃什么食物_小孩心肌炎吃什么食物好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"孩子心肌炎忌吃什么食物_小孩心肌炎吃什么食物好\",\"title\":\"孩子心肌炎忌吃什么食物_小孩心肌炎吃什么食物好\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿心肌炎怎么引起的_诱发小儿心肌炎的病因都有哪些等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎怎么引起的_诱发小儿心肌炎的病因都有哪些\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎怎么引起的_诱发小儿心肌炎的病因都有哪些\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿心肌炎能治好吗_小孩得心肌炎好治疗吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎能治好吗_小孩得心肌炎好治疗吗\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎能治好吗_小孩得心肌炎好治疗吗\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿心肌炎预防步骤_小儿心肌炎预防方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿心肌炎预防步骤_小儿心肌炎预防方法\",\"title\":\"小儿心肌炎预防步骤_小儿心肌炎预防方法\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童心肌炎有什么症状表现、小儿心肌炎怎样治疗、小儿心肌炎后遗症、小儿心肌炎家长们的求医经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童心肌炎有什么症状表现_小儿心肌炎怎样治疗_小儿心肌炎后遗症\",\"title\":\"儿童心肌炎有什么症状表现_小儿心肌炎怎样治疗_小儿心肌炎后遗症\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"8249","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"应该如何预防感染呼吸道小儿心肌炎","content":"

\"应该如何预防感染呼吸道小儿心肌炎\"


抵抗心肌炎，从预防呼吸道感染开始

 

1.　 家长不应给孩子过多压力，紧张、情绪波动大对健康也不利。

 

2. 根据不同的年龄，安排好孩子每天的进餐、学习、锻炼、休息与睡眠的时间。父母要给孩子充足的睡眠时间，睡眠对孩子的生长发育尤为重要。

 

3.　 疫苗能使人体产生特异性免疫力，家长应重视孩子的预防接种工作，预防多种感染。

 

4. 应供给充分蛋白质，如，牛奶、豆浆、鸡蛋。除每天三餐外，可加一次点心和水果，饭菜尽可能多样化，口味宜清淡。


5. 患病毒性心肌炎的病人约有一半以上在发病前1～3周曾有呼吸道的感染史。可见预防和治疗呼吸道感染显得十分重要，父母可从以下几点入手：

 

幼儿疾病增加孩子的户外活动时间，提高他们对外界环境的适应能力。

 

保持室内新鲜空气，遇风时要防止对流风，避免感冒。

 

一般孩子穿衣应该稍多于成人，但不宜过多，否则反而会因出汗多而受凉感冒。

 

尽量避免去人群拥挤，空气污浊的公共场所。

 

对于细菌感染可给予抗生素治疗。

 


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病毒性小儿心肌炎患者应怎样养护、食补

多数小儿心肌炎的预后虽然良好，但前提是及早诊治。急性期应注意休息，有的家长认为孩子已不发热，便过早地让其上学或活动，常会诱发病情骤变，一般需休息2周。同时家长应密切注意患儿的变化，如有心慌、憋气、烦躁不安等应立即送孩子到医院就诊。每天为孩子数4次脉搏，注意频率、强弱的变化，如果频率超过正常50%以上，有心率不齐。 

\"病毒性小儿心肌炎患者应怎样养护、食补\"

 

治疗病毒性心肌炎没有特效的药物，中药黄芪、丹参静脉滴注可以改善症状，大剂量的维生素C和充足的维生素B口服，对病儿也有益处。重症心肌炎需住院治疗。

 

病毒性心肌炎的预后与病情轻重有关，另外，年龄小、治疗晚、易复发者预后差，所以及早诊治是关键。                

 

精心护理不可少

 

心肌炎患儿需卧床休息2周。2周后安排适当的轻度活动，家长要特别注意不要让孩子太累，也不可一点不活动，这对孩子恢复和痊愈也不利。由于活动后病情会反复甚而加重，高龄儿童不要上学。同时，心肌炎引起的早搏需持续几年才会消失，此症状无特殊的治疗，注意休息和劳逸结合就显得尤为重要。同是要消除患儿不必要的顾虑，定期去医院随访。

 

患儿的饮食要富于营养，宜清淡易于消化，可多食牛奶、豆制品、鱼、胡萝卜等，不吃刺激性食品，为减轻心脏负担，应适当减少盐的摄入。多吃蔬菜、水果可以保证充沛的维生素C及B的需要，可增强抵抗力，预防上呼吸道感染。

 

 

 


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\"警惕小儿心肌炎的发作\"

腹泻是小儿常见的疾病，不少腹泻是由病毒引起的，其中有些病毒可侵犯心脏而引起病毒性小儿心肌炎的发作。

 

小儿心肌炎大致有三种表现：

 

心脏传导阻滞是病毒损害了心脏的传导系统，使心脏起跳的激动在心脏不同部位不能正常地传送。轻者可以没有任何表现，仅作心电图检查才被发现；重者心跳节律变慢或不规则。若每分钟的心跳次数少于40次，患儿会发生脑缺血，引起全身抽搐，甚至心跳突然停止。这类危重的心肌炎需住院紧急治疗。

 

早搏是病毒性心肌的表现形式之一。多数孩子无不适，作心电图检查才被证实。若孩子情况良好，心脏没有扩大，心脏功能也正常，可以暂时不予药物治疗，早搏会慢慢减少和消失，但必须注意儿童(儿童食品)的休息和营养。

 

心力衰竭是严重心肌炎的表现。患儿有心脏扩大，心肌收缩力减退，使心脏不能有效地起到血泵的作用，从而使全身组织的供氧不能满足正常的需要。此时患儿可出现气急、面色苍白、心跳加快、脉搏微弱、不能平卧等症状。若不及时送医院治疗，会危及患儿的生命。

 

 因此，当孩子有腹泻，同时存在面色苍白、精神萎靡或烦躁不安、脉搏过快等征象时，应及时就医进行检查，以免延误诊断和治疗。


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当肌体免疫力低下或再次受到病毒等致病因素侵袭时，心脏将再次受到冲击，久而久之，病情不断迁延及反复，心肌发生不可逆转的病理改变，就可转化为心肌病。心肌炎治疗不可拖延。

\"心肌炎治疗不可“拖泥带水”\"

 

心肌炎与心肌病的预后截然不同，一般说来，心肌炎是可以治愈的，而心肌病因其病理改变呈进行性恶化，难以逆转，预后较差。因此防止心肌炎转化为心肌病具有非常重要的意义。心肌炎切不可“拖泥带水”。

 

心肌炎治疗不可拖延，做到以下几点是非常重要的。

 

1、及时正规治疗。确诊后，治疗要及时、准确、正规。病情好转后，要定期随诊、复查，长期坚持治疗。

 

3、尽量注意休息。确诊后，应立即卧床休息，坚持一个月左右。对于疑似心肌炎患者，也应及早限制活动，定期随访观察。病情好转后，应逐渐增加活动量，避免剧烈运动及过度劳累。

 

4、防治并发感染。除采取一般性预防措施之外，对于免疫功能低下者，可适当应用免疫调节剂、免疫增强剂或中药。有慢性感染灶者应在适当时予以清除。除应预防呼吸道感染外，还应注意消化道的感染，因为心肌炎的致病病毒如柯萨奇A、柯萨奇B、ECHO病毒等均为肠道感染病毒。

 

5、饮食要注意均衡营养。合理饮食，保证足够的热量、蛋白质、各种维生素、矿物质及微量元素的摄入，切忌偏食、择食、饥饱无常或暴饮暴食。


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小儿心肌炎目前尚无特殊治疗，应结合心肌炎患者病情采取有效的综合措施，可使大部分可使大部分心肌炎患者痊愈或好转。

\"小儿心肌炎应该如何治疗\"

治疗方法：

1.卧床休息

卧床休息可预防急性期心肌内病毒复制的增加。因此，急性期至少完全卧床8周，待心影恢复正常、心电图改变明显好转后，开始轻微活动；恢复期至少半天卧床6个月；心脏增大者卧床6个月以上，至心脏明显缩小；有心力衰竭者严格卧床，至心力衰竭控制稳定、心脏检查明显好转，再开始轻微活动。

2.针对心肌的治疗

高浓度大剂量维生素C对纠正休克、促进心肌病变恢复，是临床上常用的治疗药物之一。肌苷也是目前临床上常用的辅助药物之一。危重患儿抢救时。也可加用能量合剂或极化液，静脉滴注。

3.肾上腺皮质激素和免疫抑制药

肾上腺皮质激素主要作于抢救心源性休克和三度房室传导阻滞，对其他治疗无效者也可试用。

4.合并心力衰竭及心源性休克的处理

对并发心力衰竭及心源性休克者必须及时予以积极的处理。处理原则与一般心力衰竭及心源性休克相似，包括洋地黄的应用、血管扩张药、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、利尿药及扩容纠正酸中毒等，但在洋地黄应用时应注意在心肌炎急性期，心肌对洋地黄敏感，易出现毒性反应，应避免快饱和，用药剂量也应适当减少。

\"小儿心肌炎应该如何治疗\"

5.心律失常的治疗

心律失常必须积极治疗。室上性心动过速洋地黄治疗有效，室性心动过速可用利多卡因或胺碘酮静滴。如室性心律失常虽经积极治疗仍快速进展至室性纤颤（这种情况在小婴儿更易发生）应即刻予以直流电复律。如发生完全性房室传导阻滞，应安置心内膜起搏器。因心律失常可发生在心肌炎恢复后很长一段时间，因此，心肌炎患儿康复后需长期随访。

6.其他治疗

近年来有静脉应用人血丙种球蛋白治疗儿童心肌炎的报道。在一些病例可应用左心室辅助装置和主动脉球囊泵来支持心血管系统，而在另一些患儿还可应用体外膜肺氧合治疗。必要时，这些装置可挽救患儿生命，因而在年长儿可考虑为一种治疗选择。一些重症难治病例，心脏移植可作为最后治疗手段。

多数病人预后良好，经数周、数月甚至迁延数年逐渐痊愈。应保证足够的休息与睡眠，避免感冒等。此外，要注意合理饮食，多食新鲜蔬菜、水果，保证膳食均衡。


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\"怎样观察宝宝是不是得了心肌炎\"

 

做家长的朋友,就怕自己的宝宝得病,特别是心肌炎,症状发作起来往往让家长惊慌失措.让我们更加了解宝宝是不是得了心肌炎。

 

小儿心肌炎大致有三种表现

 

 1.早搏是病毒性心肌的表现形式之一。多数孩子无不适，作心电图检查才被证实。若孩子情况良好，心脏没有扩大，心脏功能也正常，可以暂时不予药物治疗，早搏会慢慢减少和消失，但必须注意儿童的休息和营养。

 

 2.心脏传导阻滞是病毒损害了心脏的传导系统，使心脏起跳的激动在心脏不同部位不能正常地传送。轻者可以没有任何表现，仅作心电图检查才被发现;重者心跳节律变慢或不规则。若每分钟的心跳次数少于40次，患儿会发生脑缺血，引起全身抽搐，甚至心跳突然停止。这类危重的心肌炎需住院紧急治疗。

 

 3.心力衰竭是严重心肌炎的表现。患儿有心脏扩大，心肌收缩力减退，使心脏不能有效地起到血泵的作用，从而使全身组织的供氧不能满足正常的需要。此时患儿可出现气急、面色苍白、心跳加快、脉搏微弱、不能平卧等症状。若不及时送医院治疗，会危及患儿的生命。


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\"小儿感冒或许是心肌炎前兆\"

症状心肌炎分三种类型

　　

暴发型：起病常常没有任何先兆症状和体征，来势凶猛，临床常表现为突然抽风。暴发型还可以表现为突然心力衰竭中血压突然降低而出现心源性休克等。

 

隐匿型：起病时常没有明显的呼吸道和肠道感染的前驱病史，常在劳累后出现身体不适，去医院检查时，才发现心脏扩大、心功能减退。

 

一般型：起病前1-2周常有呼吸道或肠道感染史，如感冒，腹泻等，然后出现胸闷、气短、乏力、面色苍白等症状，去医院检查可能会发现心脏扩大，心音低钝或心律不剂等体征。

 

特别提醒感冒可能是得病前兆

 

找良医网提醒说，每年春季昼夜温差变化大，小儿极易感冒，一般感冒时，服些药，多喝水，休息一下就会好，因而常不被人们重视，可是有些感冒比较特殊，得病后很痛苦，有的小儿还可因此而丧失性命，这种“感冒”其实是病毒性心肌炎的前期症状。


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\"预防小儿心肌炎

在心肌炎中，病毒性心肌炎占了60%-70%以上，而病毒性感冒与病毒性心肌炎的关系可以说是密不可分。引起感冒的许多病毒，如流感病毒、腺病毒、柯萨奇病毒、Echo病毒等同样会引起心肌炎。这些病毒本身会攻击人体的上呼吸道，也同样会攻击心肌细胞。而且人体免疫的代谢物———细胞因子对我们的心肌细胞也有损害。一般在感冒高发季节，心肌炎的发病率也会明显上升。特别是小孩子特别容易患心肌炎。

 

　　预防小儿心肌炎怎么办?

 

　　一、要根据气温变化来给小儿增减衣物，预防感冒，同时加强身体锻炼，增强抗病能力，中医所谓“正气存内，邪不可干”。

 

　　二、80%的心肌炎复发病人患有慢性咽炎、慢性扁桃体炎、慢性鼻炎，因此积极治疗上述疾病是防止心肌炎复发的重要措施。

 

　　三、对于上学的小朋友来说，平时要注意劳逸结合、生活规律，避免功课过劳，因为心脏是最怕劳累的器官之一。

 

　　四、在饮食调理方面，要合理饮食，不暴饮暴食，少吃烧、烤、煎、炸食品，多食新鲜蔬菜水果，在患病时要注意避免使用可能有心脏毒性的药物，平时也可根据个人的体质用中药汤水食疗调理，最好在中医师当面望闻问切后辨证指导食疗。


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