{"nowTime30":1782328305626,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"小儿肺炎是小儿最常见的一种呼吸道疾病，四季均易发生，3岁以内的婴幼儿在冬、春季节患肺炎较多。如治疗不彻底，易反复发作、引起多种重症并发症，影响孩子发育。表现为发热、咳嗽、气促、呼吸困难和肺部细湿啰音，也有不发热而咳喘重者。其病因主要是小儿素喜吃过甜、过咸、油炸等食物，致宿食积滞而生内热，痰热壅盛，偶","keywords":"小儿肺炎慎用抗生素！重在预防_洞医","title":"小儿肺炎慎用抗生素！重在预防_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"5a3adeaa985911e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1533437016805,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","realName":"周鑫","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"15525873223","email":"langlixunta@163.com","hospitalId":"14629","departmentId":"2035","illName":"","illId":"ac6f137def9411e7a3d800163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1533437073284.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"内分泌科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1169","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430611335,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"小儿肺炎","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"6d4d3d4dbb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:小儿肺炎论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肺炎论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台\",\"title\":\"小儿肺炎论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩肺炎的治疗方法_婴幼儿肺炎的治疗方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩肺炎的治疗方法_婴幼儿肺炎的治疗方法\",\"title\":\"小孩肺炎的治疗方法_婴幼儿肺炎的治疗方法\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩肺炎的症状_小儿肺炎的早期症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩肺炎的症状_小儿肺炎的早期症状\",\"title\":\"小孩肺炎的症状_小儿肺炎的早期症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肺炎有后遗症吗_小儿肺炎的危害有多大等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肺炎有后遗症吗_小儿肺炎的危害有多大\",\"title\":\"小儿肺炎有后遗症吗_小儿肺炎的危害有多大\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肺炎吃什么食物好_宝宝肺炎能吃什么水果等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肺炎吃什么食物好_宝宝肺炎能吃什么水果\",\"title\":\"小儿肺炎吃什么食物好_宝宝肺炎能吃什么水果\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肺炎怎么引起的_小儿肺炎是怎样引起的等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肺炎怎么引起的_小儿肺炎是怎样引起的\",\"title\":\"小儿肺炎怎么引起的_小儿肺炎是怎样引起的\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:孩子得了肺炎怎么办_小孩肺炎一定要输液吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"孩子得了肺炎怎么办_小孩肺炎一定要输液吗\",\"title\":\"孩子得了肺炎怎么办_小孩肺炎一定要输液吗\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童肺炎预防措施_儿童怎么预防肺炎等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童肺炎预防措施_儿童怎么预防肺炎\",\"title\":\"儿童肺炎预防措施_儿童怎么预防肺炎\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肺炎症状及表现、儿童肺炎症状及治疗、小儿肺炎如何治疗方法、儿童肺炎家长们的治疗小心得等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肺炎症状及表现_儿童肺炎症状及治疗_小儿肺炎如何治疗方法\",\"title\":\"小儿肺炎症状及表现_儿童肺炎症状及治疗_小儿肺炎如何治疗方法\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"8692","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿肺炎并发症有哪些 护理方法有哪些","content":"<p style=\"white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 32px;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512370677224.jpg\" title=\"小儿肺炎并发症有哪些 护理方法有哪些\" alt=\"小儿肺炎并发症有哪些 护理方法有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">宝宝患了小儿肺炎后，会给宝宝造成很大的危害，有心脏的损害如心理衰竭等，还有大脑的损害。所以我们针对小儿肺炎要早发现早治疗，那么小儿肺炎可以并发哪些疾病呢，今天小编来告诉大家。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　小儿肺炎可以并发哪些疾病呢，如下：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、小儿肺炎可以并发哪些疾病呢，其中就有中毒性肠麻痹。表现为高度腹胀、呕吐、便秘和肛管不排气等。腹胀就会压迫心脏和肺脏，使呼吸困难更严重。此时，面包苍白发灰，腹部叩诊呈鼓音，肠鸣音消失，呕吐物可呈咖啡色或粪便样物等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、小儿肺炎可以并发哪些疾病呢，还有中毒性休克，也就是体温骤升达40～41℃或骤降，寒战、面色灰白、烦躁或昏迷、多汗、皮肤呈大理石花样改变，血压下降或测不出，同时出现多脏器功能改变，症状凶险。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、小儿肺炎可以并发哪些疾病呢，还包括缺氧性脑病，肺炎呼吸困难缺氧重时，小儿呕吐、头痛、嗜睡或烦躁不安，继之昏迷惊厥。脑病发病较急，来势凶猛，病情险恶，往往与多种并发症交错出现，相互影响，使病情变得更为复杂，病死率高。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肺炎并发症有哪些</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肺炎的护理</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肺炎的治疗</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　小儿肺炎护理方法</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、室温应保持在20℃左右为宜，相对湿度55-65%，以防呼吸道分泌物变干不易咳出。防止交叉感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、注意营养及水份供应；应尽量母乳喂养，若人工喂养可根据其消化功能及病情决定奶量及浓度，如有腹泻者给予脱脂奶对幼儿或儿童宜供应清淡、易消化、富有多种维生素的饮食恢复期病儿应给营养丰富，高热量食物。对危重病儿不能进食者给静脉输液补充热量和水份。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、保持呼吸道通畅：应及时清除鼻痂，鼻腔分泌物和呼吸道痰液。改善通气功能增加肺泡通气量，纠正缺氧，减轻CO2潴留痰多稀薄者，可以反复翻身拍背以利于痰液排出。也可口服祛痰药物氯化铵合剂痰粘稠不易咳出者，可吸痰或用超声雾化吸入。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":9},{"id":"1237","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"新生儿肺炎的护理措施","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486276826195.jpeg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486276826195.jpeg\" alt=\"mp47909481_1449812707881_2_th.jpeg\" /></p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">新生儿</span><a style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: #333333; outline: none; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">的家庭护理十分重要，对宝宝恢复健康有积极的作用。父母千万不能把护理简单地看成只是喂奶、吃药、换尿布，其实护理的内容很多，可以包括以下几方面：</span><br /><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　一、密切观察患儿的体温变化、精神状态、呼吸情况等。</span><br /><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　二、室内空气要保持新鲜，太闷太热对</span><a style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: #333333; outline: none; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">患儿都非常不利，可加重咳嗽，痰液变稠，呼吸更为困难。室内的湿度也要适宜，如冬天火炉上可放个水盆，夏天地上应经常洒水，使室内空气不要太干燥。</span><br /><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　三、患儿往往不愿吃奶，应注意补充足够的液体和热量，除喂奶外，还可输葡萄糖液。</span><br /><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　四、患儿因</span><a style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: #333333; outline: none; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/fashao.htm\" target=\"_blank\">发热</a><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">、出汗、呼吸快而失去的水分较多，所以要多喂水，这样也可以使咽喉部湿润，使稠痰变稀，呼吸道通畅。</span><br /><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　五、患儿吃奶时能使喘加重，所以父母尽量不要用奶瓶给他们喂奶，可以改用小勺喂。</span><br /><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　六、注意患儿鼻腔内有无干痂，若有可用棉签蘸水后轻轻取出，避免鼻腔阻塞而引起呼吸不畅。</span></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"9596","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"呼吸衰竭 小儿肺炎的六大并发症","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513751649131.jpeg\" title=\"呼吸衰竭 小儿肺炎的六大并发症\" alt=\"呼吸衰竭 小儿肺炎的六大并发症\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肺炎是一种严重的疾病，如果不疾病治疗会造成心力衰竭，呼吸衰竭甚至是休克等并非症的发生。下面就去看看小儿肺炎的并发症还有哪些？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肺炎的并发症有哪些呢？小儿肺炎患者如果出现烦躁不安，呼吸困难，又或者是头痛血压下降的症状时一定要当心肺炎的并发症。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肺炎的常见并发症有</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1.心力衰竭：发病时小儿躁动不安。呼吸困难和发绀。心率加快。180次/分。呼吸急促。》60次/分。肝脏增大。下肢浮肿等。应立即采取措施。控制其发展。利用强心剂。利尿剂等治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2.呼吸衰竭：小儿烦躁不安。呼吸困难和紫绀。呼吸早期加快。重时减慢。有呻吟呼吸和呼吸节律改变。重危时心率加快或减慢。并可出现昏迷和抽搐。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3.脓气胸：金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎时。易发生脓气胸。此时。高热持续不退或体温下降后又再度上升。咳嗽频繁。呼吸急促。不能干卧。一侧胸廓饱满。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4.缺氧性脑病：肺炎呼吸困难缺氧重时。小儿呕吐。头痛。嗜睡或烦躁不安。继之昏迷惊厥。脑病发病较急。来势凶猛。病情险恶。往往与多种并发症交错出现。相互影响。使病情变得更为复杂。病死率高。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5.中毒性休克：体温骤升达40～41℃或骤降。寒战。面色灰白。烦躁或昏迷。多汗。皮肤呈大理石花样改变。血压下降或测不出。同时出现多脏器功能改变。症状凶险。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">6.中毒性肠麻痹：表现为高度腹胀。呕吐。便秘和肛管不排气（不放屁）。腹胀压迫心脏和肺脏。使呼吸困难更严重。此时。面包苍白发灰。腹部叩诊呈鼓音。肠鸣音消失。呕吐物可呈咖啡色或粪便样物。x线检查发现肠管扩张。壁变薄膈肌上升。肠腔内出现气液平面。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"3295","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿肺炎但青霉素过敏，能吃头孢地尼分散片吗","content":"<p>小儿肺炎但青霉素过敏，能吃头孢地尼分散片吗</p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"8637","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"五个步骤教你判断小儿肺炎","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512354980142.jpg\" title=\"五个步骤教你判断小儿肺炎\" alt=\"五个步骤教你判断小儿肺炎\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">判断还是是否罹患肺炎还需看孩子有无咳、喘和呼吸是否困难。感冒和支气管炎引起的咳、喘多呈阵发性，一般不会出现呼吸困难。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　一看发热</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　儿童罹患肺炎时大多有发热症状，体温多在</span>38℃以上，持续两三天时间，退热药只能使体温暂时下降一会儿，不久便又上升。儿童感冒虽然也会发热，但体温多数在38℃以下，持续时间较短，退热药的效果也较明显。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　但同时也应该警惕不发热的小儿肺炎，宝宝患肺炎体温可能会很高，但也可能不发烧，甚至体温低于正常。发烧时间长短，也不能作为判断肺炎的依据。有的宝宝发烧仅两天就已发展为肺炎，而有的宝宝发烧一周也并不是肺炎引起的。所以但从发热并不能判断孩子是否患了肺炎，还需结合其他几方面判断。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　二看咳嗽和呼吸</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　判断还是是否罹患肺炎还需看孩子有无咳、喘和呼吸是否困难。感冒和支气管炎引起的咳、喘多呈阵发性，一般不会出现呼吸困难。若咳、喘较重，静止时呼吸频率增快</span>(即不到2个月婴儿呼吸次数≥60次/分；2-12个月婴儿≥50次/分；1-5岁幼儿≥40次/分)，两侧鼻翼一张一张的，口唇发青或发紫，一旦出现上述症状，提示病情严重，不可拖延</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　病毒性肺炎的病原体</span>50%以上是呼吸道合胞病毒，该型肺炎占小儿肺炎住院总数的三分之一。好发于冬春季。最典型的好发年龄是6个月-3岁大。这些孩子往往起病急，先有″感冒″症状，持续时间约3天，表现发低烧(测量体温在38℃左右)、流清鼻涕水、咳嗽，约60%患儿也可不发烧。2-3天后咳嗽加重，呼吸快而浅表，每分钟可达60-100次。最突出的症状是喘、憋、呼气延长，喘鸣之声音有时不必用听诊器，只要靠近患儿就可听到，患儿非常痛苦。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　大叶性肺炎是指一个或一个以上的肺叶有炎症并有完全实变，病原体是肺炎链球菌。细菌性肺炎约占儿童肺炎总数的</span>10%—30%左右。典型患者着凉后表现为寒冷、发高烧、胸痛、咳嗽、吐铁锈色痰，呼吸困难、面部和口唇青紫。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　三看精神</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　要想及时发现儿童肺炎，细心的妈妈们也应该注意孩子的精神状态。如果孩子在发热、咳嗽、喘的同时精神很好、能玩、爱笑，则提示患肺炎的可能性很小。相反，孩子精神状态不佳、口唇青紫、烦躁、哭闹或昏睡、抽风，少数患儿可出现谵语则说明孩</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　子病得较严重，得肺炎的可能性较大。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　孩子在患肺炎初期既可能精神并无明显变化，也可能精神状态不佳。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　四看食欲</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　得了肺炎食欲会显著下降，小儿得了肺炎，不吃东西，或一吃奶就哭闹不安。如果确诊孩子已经得了肺炎后，应继续喂奶、喂食，多喝汤类食物，如果患儿食欲减退，应少量多餐，哺乳婴儿应增加每天的喂奶次数，以增强营养与体力。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　五听胸部</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　由于儿童的胸壁薄，有时不用听诊器也能听到水泡音，所以细心的家长可以在孩子安静或睡着时听听他的胸部。听儿童胸部时，要求室温在</span>18℃以上，脱去孩子的上衣，将耳朵轻轻地贴在孩子脊柱两侧的胸壁，仔细倾听。肺炎患儿在吸气时会听到“咕噜儿”、“咕噜儿”的声音，医生称之为细小水泡音，这是肺部发炎的重要体征。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":8},{"id":"11157","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿肺炎在早期会出现什么表现呢  看专家讲解","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1516089771837.jpg\" title=\"小儿肺炎在早期会出现什么表现呢  看专家讲解\" alt=\"小儿肺炎在早期会出现什么表现呢  看专家讲解\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%;\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">我们大家都知道，发热是小儿肺炎这种疾病的主要症状表现之一，但是，临床上有很多患有小儿肺炎的孩子却并没有出现发热的症状，这些患病的孩子大多数身体比较虚弱。下面就为大家介绍一下</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">小儿肺炎在早期会出现什么样的症状表现</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">，让找良医网为我们一起来讲解一下吧</span>!</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">发病初期多先有发热、咳嗽、流涕等上呼吸道感染症状，随后出现咳嗽加重、烦躁不安、高热寒战等症状。患儿体温在</span>38摄氏度至39摄氏度之间，有时可高达40摄氏度，且持续时间较长。营养不良的孩子、</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">面黄肌瘦的孩子</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">、抵抗力特别低下的孩子，也有不发热</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">得孩子有此症状</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">患儿可出现精神</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">恍惚</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">、反应迟钝，食欲</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">减少</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">等症状。面部表现为潮红或苍白，口唇及指（趾）端发紫。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">患儿咳嗽早期常为刺激性干咳，继之咳白色泡沫痰或脓血性痰液。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">患儿呼吸加快、呼吸困难明显、憋喘厉害，严重时可出现鼻翼翕动，吸气时可出现三凹特征（胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝、肋骨间隙及上腹部软组织处吸气时凹陷），呼、吸气时伴有呻吟声。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肺炎早期的炎症、发热或细菌毒素等还可能通过神经刺激或反射而引起患儿胃肠痉挛，特别是下叶肺炎，还可能直接刺激膈肌而导致腹痛。因此，原因不明的上腹痛、脐周痛的孩子，不管是否伴随上呼吸道感染症状，也有可能是肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">不发热的肺炎更凶险，人们都认为发热是小儿肺炎的一个主要症状。然而临床上有些孩子患肺炎时不发热。这些孩子多是体弱的幼儿，不发热的肺炎很容易被年轻父母忽视而延误最佳治疗时机。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">以上就是找良网专家为大家讲解的</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">小儿肺炎的早期症状表现是怎样的</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">，看过上</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">面</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">的相关介绍之后，我们了解到，患有小儿肺炎的孩子在早期会表现出精神</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">恍惚、</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">反应迟钝、食欲减</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">少</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">等一系列症状，除此之外，还经常会伴有咳嗽、呼吸加快等症状。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">如果您的孩子有此症状，就及时到正规医院就诊。以免误诊。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"1564","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"儿童肺炎怎样早期治疗","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486276532115.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486276532115.jpg\" alt=\"7.jpg\" /></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">每年这段时间,许多医院的儿科病房和输液室都显得拥挤不堪！这其中不少儿童可能都被<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>&ldquo;撂倒&rdquo;了！</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">许多家长开始发现孩子偶尔咳嗽，都觉得是<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ganmao.htm\" target=\"_blank\">感冒</a>了，不是很重视，觉得&ldquo;这么小的孩子能不吃药最好不吃药，多给她喝喝热水什么的，争取挺过去。&rdquo;然而几天后，孩子的咳嗽开始加重起来，甚至出现发热了，这才不得已给孩子吃了止咳药，可是又没什么效果，才将孩子带到医院就诊；往往经过医生的检查以后，许多年幼的孩子最终患上了<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>，其中相当一部分儿童不得不接受输液治疗。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">其实每年的秋冬季节是小儿呼吸道疾病的高发期，全国各地的儿科都非常的忙，甚至有些地方由于患儿出现了&ldquo;井喷&rdquo;，&ldquo;一医难求&rdquo;！家长看病等待时间长，心情着急；医生也没有办法，有时忙的真要累死。那么如何才能早期识别儿童<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>，并进行正确的治疗，减少其中的认识误区呢？ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">儿童<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>是一种下呼吸道的炎症性疾病，往往多是在<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ganmao.htm\" target=\"_blank\">感冒</a>的基础上发病；尤其小儿的<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>，病初有些症状往往跟<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ganmao.htm\" target=\"_blank\">感冒</a>差不多，主要表现为发烧，咳嗽、流鼻涕等；但是如果持续发热几天以上且高热不退；咳嗽，有痰，出现呼吸次数增快，严重时有不同程度的喘憋，甚至呼吸困难，鼻翼扇动等，就要高度怀疑<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>了！ &nbsp;</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">为什么儿童易发生<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>呢？主要是因为小儿处于生长发育期，免疫功能相对成人较低且不健全，易发生感染；且婴幼儿的气管、支气管的管腔相对成人要狭窄很多，发生炎症时分泌物易于阻塞，加之纤毛运动差，致使清除感染物的能力低，肺弹力组织发育差、肺泡数少，致使小儿肺的代偿能力弱，因此儿童尤其是3岁以内婴幼儿是<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>的高发人群；同时由于病原菌在秋冬季较易滋生，易出现<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ganmao.htm\" target=\"_blank\">感冒</a>的流行，加上这一时期天气较冷，人们常处于封闭的环境中，空气流通性差，婴幼儿就更易患上<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>。有些<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>如果没有得到及时规范的治疗，可能会加重引起肺不张、脓胸、脓<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/qixiong.htm\" target=\"_blank\">气胸</a>、脑炎等并发症，甚至危及生命；所以儿童得了<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>，家长还是要听从医生的合理化建议，积极的规范治疗。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">我们在临床上发现儿童得了<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>，跟某些家长的认识误区也有一定的关系。第一个误区是许多家长认为自己看了许多书，加上一些媒体对于抗生素副作用的夸大宣传，等孩子出现咳嗽加重、高热不退、精神萎靡的时候，还认为就是<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ganmao.htm\" target=\"_blank\">感冒</a>，坚持在家不用抗生素；第二个误区是往往孩子有病了，不是去看医生，而是去网上查查，认为自己就懂了，擅自决定是否给孩子服药、停药，这样可能导致孩子病情加重甚至延误治疗、危及生命；所以儿童有病了，最佳办法就是听从医生指导，抗生素既要防止滥用，也要切忌一味拒绝，以及不规则用药，用用停停，造成耐药，往往使病情迁延甚至转成慢性疾病！</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">那这个季节带孩子到医院看病非常忙，家长在家如何简单分析孩子到底是得了<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>还是<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ganmao.htm\" target=\"_blank\">感冒</a>呢？家长可通过监测体温、听咳嗽及呼吸的声音、观察孩子的精神状态、饮食睡眠情况等进行初级判断，有条件还是请专门的儿科医生看看！&nbsp;&nbsp;一般来说<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>：大多会发烧，而且一般都在38℃以上，并持续2～3天以上不退，即使使用退烧药也只能暂时退一会儿；咳嗽是基础症状，且一般咳嗽程度较重，喉咙有痰，常有呼吸次数增快；另外<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>的患儿大多精神状态不佳，常有烦躁、哭闹不安或者昏睡等，而<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ganmao.htm\" target=\"_blank\">感冒</a>一般精神状态无甚改变，照常玩耍不误；其他一些方面<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>的孩子一般食欲明显下降，不吃东西，不吃奶，或一喂奶就因憋气而哭闹，睡不熟、易醒等等。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">所以家长应该对儿童<a style=\";padding: 0px; color: #333333; outline: none;\" href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\">肺炎</a>尽快早期识别，减少一些不必要的误区，听从医生的合理建议，进行正确的规范治疗！</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"9593","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿肺炎的发病原因","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513750589513.jpg\" title=\"小儿肺炎的发病原因\" alt=\"小儿肺炎的发病原因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肺炎是感染性疾病中最常见的疾病，那么小儿得肺炎是由什么引起的呢？下面跟小编一起来学习一下。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">大多数新生儿肺炎是生后感染引起的，称晚发型肺炎，主要是家庭中与新生儿密切接触的成员感冒或呼吸道感染后通过飞沫传播给新生儿的</span>;少数是在宫内或分娩过程中感染的。如果不及时治疗会引起呼吸窘迫、甚至窒息，严重者会因为缺氧引起大脑损伤，留下永久的后遗症(如癫痫)。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(一)发病原因</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1.吸入性肺炎 多因吸入胎粪、羊水、乳汁等引起，也可因吞咽反射不成熟、吞咽动作不协调、食管反流或腭裂等因素引起乳汁或分泌物吸入而引起。早产儿及颅脑及患病儿因吞咽功能不协调，反射差或缺如，易发生呕吐物、乳汁吸入性肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2.感染性肺炎 感染性肺炎分为宫内、产时感染和生后感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(1)产前、产时感染性肺炎：如为胎儿在宫内感染，多为母亲有感染，通过血行传播所致。产时感染性肺炎多与产科因素有关。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①产前感染：母孕期受病毒(如巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、风疹病毒等)、细菌、原虫(如弓形体病)、衣原体和支原体等感染，病原体经血行通过胎盘和羊膜侵袭胎儿。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②产时感染：胎膜早破超过6h，羊水可能被污染，若胎膜早破超过24h以上，发生感染的可能达30%，或羊膜绒毛膜炎时，产道内细菌如大肠埃希杆菌、克雷白杆菌、李斯特菌、B族链球菌等，上行导致感染，或胎儿在宫内吸入污染羊水而致病。另外，急产、滞产或产道未彻底消毒等情况，胎儿在分娩过程中吸入产道内污染的分泌物而发生肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(2)出生后感染性肺炎：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①呼吸道途径：接触新生儿者如患呼吸道感染，其病原体可经飞沫由婴儿上呼吸道向下传播至肺;也可因婴儿抵抗力下降时(如受凉等)，其上呼吸道感染下行引起肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②血行传播感染：患脐炎、皮肤感染、败血症时，病原体经血行传播至肺而引起肺炎。病原体以B组溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希杆菌及巨细胞病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等多见。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(3)医源性传播感染：医源性感染可由铜绿假单胞菌、厌氧菌及某些致病力低的细菌引起。由于医用器械如吸痰器、雾化器、供氧面罩、气管插管等消毒不严，暖箱湿度过高使水生菌易于繁殖，或使用呼吸机时间过长等引起肺炎;病房拥挤，消毒制度不严，医护人员洗手不勤，将患儿的致病菌带给其他新生儿;广谱抗生素使用过久容易发生真菌性肺炎等。晚发型肺炎最常见于新生儿监护室内，由于慢性肺部疾病需要长期气管插管的新生儿中。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3.其他 护理不当，受凉等也是发生肺炎的诱因。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(二)发病机制</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">吸入性肺炎主要因缺氧刺激，胎儿呼吸而使羊水、胎粪或阴道分泌物吸入，引起吸入性肺炎。其中以胎粪吸入性肺炎最为严重，参见胎粪吸入综合征。乳汁吸入常见于吞咽功能不全、吮乳后呕吐、食管闭锁和唇裂、腭裂等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">宫内、出生时感染性肺炎的病理改变广泛，肺泡渗出液中含多核细胞、单核细胞和少量红细胞。镜检可见到羊水沉渣，如角化上皮细胞、胎儿皮脂和病原体等。出生后感染性肺炎的病理改变以支气管肺炎和间质性肺炎为主，病变分散，影响一叶或数叶，有时融合成大片病灶，肺不张和肺气肿较易发生。镜检各病灶存在不同阶段的炎性反应。病原学不同，病理变化也不同。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"8651","isDel":0,"createAt":1512355970351,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肺炎慎用抗生素！重在预防","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512356596420.jpg\" title=\"小儿肺炎慎用抗生素！重在预防\" alt=\"小儿肺炎慎用抗生素！重在预防\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肺炎是小儿最常见的一种呼吸道疾病，四季均易发生，</span>3岁以内的婴幼儿在冬、春季节患肺炎较多。如治疗不彻底，易反复发作、引起多种重症并发症，影响孩子发育。表现为发热、咳嗽、气促、呼吸困难和肺部细湿啰音，也有不发热而咳喘重者。其病因主要是小儿素喜吃过甜、过咸、油炸等食物，致宿食积滞而生内热，痰热壅盛，偶遇风寒使肺气不宣，二者互为因果而发生肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肺炎的治疗方式</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　一般病毒性肺炎，只要给予一些症状治疗药物及呼吸辅助疗法即可，抗生素使用并无法缩短疗程，但在下列情形下，就需合并抗生素治疗：（一）病童呈现急性病容及症状严重。（二）有合并细菌性感染的征兆。（三）年纪在三个月以下的小婴儿。（四）免疫缺损的病童。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　但是细菌性肺炎就一定要用抗生素治疗。然而因为孩童大多不会咳嗽，因此要从痰液中诊断致病菌，并不容易，若要做气管镜直接取出痰液，家长往往因惧怕而不能接受。所以临床上治疗时，常采经验用药法则，也就是由上述不同年龄和好发的细菌来推测，先选用有效的抗生素，例如怀疑肺炎双球菌时使用盘尼西林，怀疑是嗜血性感冒杆菌时，则选用安比血林治疗，若怀疑是霉浆菌，则要用红霉素。再以病童临床的反应及细菌培养的结果，决定是否要更换药物。细菌性肺炎的治疗通常需要七至十天，若有脓胸发生，则需放置胸管加以引流，如有肋膜积水，需做肋膜穿刺，以取得肋膜液做检查及培养，才能选择有效的治疗药物。近年来，由于抗生素的滥用，导致细菌抗药性逐年增加，因此在治疗细菌性肺炎常会失败，而需使用更强的抗生素，所以应慎用抗生素以减少细菌抗药性的产生。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　此外，蒸气喷雾吸入及拍痰法，对肺炎症状的改善也有帮助。由于痰沈积在肺的底部，黏稠且不易咳出，蒸气喷雾吸入的目的，是让痰液变稀且使支气管扩张，如此痰液比较容易被排出，若再配合拍痰方法，可使气管壁上之痰液震动、松脱，再加上姿势引流，就可使痰液更容易咳出，病情也会较快恢复。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　小儿肺炎的预防护理</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　（一）注意营养，多在室外活动，多晒太阳，防止佝偻病和营养不良。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　（二）避免接触呼吸道感染的病人。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　（三）保持安静，避免躁动及过多诊疗措施。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　（四）室内空气要新鲜，凉爽，保持一定的湿度。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　（五）要勤翻身，多抱并轻拍背。拍背时由两侧往中间拍。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　（六）重病患儿要先抢救，稳定后再行推拿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　（七）病愈后要推补肺，揉大椎，推膻中、，擦背脊，每日一次，或隔日一次，具有保健和预防作用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span 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